{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T03:02:00Z","timestamp":1789009320764,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]],"date-time":"2021-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1613692800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008897","name":"Janssen Pharmaceuticals","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008897","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004099","name":"Ligue Contre le Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004099","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009895","name":"Canceropole Grand Ouest","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009895","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013414","name":"Region Pays de la Loire","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013414","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic stimulation by infectious pathogens or self-antigen glucosylsphingosine (GlcSph) can lead to monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma (MM). Novel assays such as the multiplex infectious antigen microarray (MIAA) and GlcSph assays, permit identification of targets for &gt;60% purified monoclonal immunoglobulins (Igs). Searching for additional targets, we selected 28 purified monoclonal Igs whose antigen was not represented on the MIAA and GlcSph assays; their specificity of recognition was then analyzed using microarrays consisting of 3760 B-cell epitopes from 196 pathogens. The peptide sequences PALTAVETG and PALTAAETG of the VP1 coat proteins of human poliovirus 1\/3 and coxsackievirus B1\/B3, respectively, were specifically recognized by 6\/28 monoclonal Igs. Re-analysis of patient cohorts showed that purified monoclonal Igs from 10\/155 MGUS\/SM (6.5%) and 3\/147 MM (2.0%) bound to the PALTAVETG or PALTAAETG epitopes. Altogether, PALTAV\/AETG-initiated MGUS are not rare and few seem to evolve toward myeloma.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10020438","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]],"date-time":"2021-02-18T21:59:58Z","timestamp":1613685598000},"page":"438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Comparison of Monoclonal Gammopathies Linked to Poliovirus or Coxsackievirus vs. Other Infectious Pathogens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jean","family":"Harb","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CRCINA, Inserm, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Angers, 44000 Nantes, France"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, Inserm, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Mennesson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRCINA, Inserm, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Angers, 44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cassandra","family":"Lepetit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRCINA, Inserm, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Angers, 44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maeva","family":"Fourny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRCINA, Inserm, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Angers, 44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaux","family":"Louvois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRCINA, Inserm, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Angers, 44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrien","family":"Bosseboeuf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRCINA, Inserm, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Angers, 44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Allain-Maillet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRCINA, Inserm, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Angers, 44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivier","family":"Decaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, CHU de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Moreau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Tallet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de PGMC, CHU de Tours, 37000 Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7101-0121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric","family":"Piver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU de Tours, 37000 Tours, France"},{"name":"Inserm UMR1259, 37000 Tours, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Moreau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hematology Department, CHU Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e9ry","family":"Salle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Medicine, CHU Amiens, 80000 Amiens, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2760-8740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edith","family":"Bigot-Corbel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRCINA, Inserm, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Angers, 44000 Nantes, France"},{"name":"Laboratoire de Biochimie, CHU de Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5444-4406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sylvie","family":"Hermouet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CRCINA, Inserm, Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Angers, 44000 Nantes, France"},{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019H\u00e9matologie, CHU Nantes, 44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2599","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-09-692954","article-title":"MGUS to myeloma: A mysterious gammopathy of underexplored significance","volume":"128","author":"Dhodapkar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1709974","article-title":"Long-Term Follow-up of Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance","volume":"378","author":"Kyle","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. 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