{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T17:56:05Z","timestamp":1791741365354,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Vaccine Development Center Research Challenge Grant","award":["HEPC.dsr.18.6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HEPC.dsr.18.6"]}]},{"name":"U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA)","award":["DTRA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DTRA"]}]},{"name":"MIUR PRIN project","award":["GA 2017SFBFER, 2019-202.1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GA 2017SFBFER, 2019-202.1"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Increasing antimicrobial resistance due to misuse and overuse of antimicrobials, as well as a lack of new and innovative antibiotics in development has become an alarming global threat. Preventative therapeutics, like vaccines, are combative measures that aim to stop infections at the source, thereby decreasing the overall use of antibiotics. Infections due to Gram-negative pathogens pose a significant treatment challenge because of substantial multidrug resistance that is acquired and spread throughout the bacterial population. Burkholderia spp. are Gram-negative intrinsically resistant bacteria that are responsible for environmental and nosocomial infections. The Burkholderia cepacia complex are respiratory pathogens that primarily infect immunocompromised and cystic fibrosis patients, and are acquired through contaminated products and equipment, or via patient-to-patient transmission. The Burkholderia pseudomallei complex causes percutaneous wound, cardiovascular, and respiratory infections. Transmission occurs through direct exposure to contaminated water, water-vapors, or soil, leading to the human disease melioidosis, or the equine disease glanders. Currently there is no licensed vaccine against any Burkholderia pathogen. This review will discuss Burkholderia vaccine candidates derived from outer membrane proteins, OmpA, OmpW, Omp85, and Bucl8, encompassing their structures, conservation, and vaccine formulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10030495","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]],"date-time":"2021-02-25T21:16:53Z","timestamp":1614287813000},"page":"495","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Thinking Outside the Bug: Targeting Outer Membrane Proteins for Burkholderia Vaccines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Megan E.","family":"Grund","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeon","family":"Soo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher K.","family":"Cote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bacteriology Division, The United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD 21702, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Berisio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council (CNR-IBB), 80145 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Slawomir","family":"Lukomski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901872","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201901872","article-title":"Considerations and caveats in combating ESKAPE pathogens against nosocomial infections","volume":"7","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. 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