{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T09:11:18Z","timestamp":1790932278623,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":154,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Coronaviruses (CoVs) assemble by budding into the lumen of the intermediate compartment (IC) at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-Golgi interface. However, why CoVs have chosen the IC as their intracellular site of assembly and how progeny viruses are delivered from this compartment to the extracellular space has remained unclear. Here we address these enigmatic late events of the CoV life cycle in light of recently described properties of the IC. Of particular interest are the emerging spatial and functional connections between IC elements and recycling endosomes (REs), defined by the GTPases Rab1 and Rab11, respectively. The establishment of IC-RE links at the cell periphery, around the centrosome and evidently also at the noncompact zones of the Golgi ribbon indicates that\u2014besides traditional ER-Golgi communication\u2014the IC also promotes a secretory process that bypasses the Golgi stacks, but involves its direct connection with the endocytic recycling system. The initial confinement of CoVs to the lumen of IC-derived large transport carriers and their preferential absence from Golgi stacks is consistent with the idea that they exit cells following such an unconventional route. In fact, CoVs may share this pathway with other intracellularly budding viruses, lipoproteins, procollagen, and\/or protein aggregates experimentally introduced into the IC lumen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10030503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T21:02:34Z","timestamp":1614373354000},"page":"503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Assembly and Cellular Exit of Coronaviruses: Hijacking an Unconventional Secretory Pathway from the Pre-Golgi Intermediate Compartment via the Golgi Ribbon to the Extracellular Space"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0946-3664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaakko","family":"Saraste","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Molecular Imaging Center, University of Bergen, P.O. Box 7800, 5020 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristian","family":"Prydz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Boks 1072 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"67","article-title":"Protein localization and virus assembly at intracellular membranes","volume":"170","author":"Pettersson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/1043-4682(92)90022-N","article-title":"Cell biology of viruses that assemble along the biosynthetic pathway","volume":"3","author":"Griffiths","year":"1992","journal-title":"Semin. 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