{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,5]],"date-time":"2026-02-05T10:41:02Z","timestamp":1770288062344,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614902400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003669","name":"Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2013-E71005-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013-E71005-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003669","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003669","name":"Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014-E71003-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014-E71003-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003669","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017R1A6A3A11034663"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017R1A6A3A11034663"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018R1D1A1B07048711"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018R1D1A1B07048711"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Scrub typhus is a fatal zoonotic disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. This disease is accompanied by systemic vasculitis, lymphadenopathy, headache, myalgia, and eschar. In recent studies, a novel strain that is resistant to current medical treatment was identified in Thailand. Thus, the development of new specific drugs for scrub typhus is needed. However, the exact molecular mechanism governing the progression of scrub typhus has not been fully elucidated. To understand disease-related genetic factors and mechanisms associated with the progression of scrub typhus, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in scrub typhus-infected patients and found a scrub typhus-related signaling pathway by molecular interaction search tool (MIST) and PANTHER. We identified eight potent scrub typhus-related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located on the PRMT6, PLGLB2, DTWD2, BATF, JDP2, ONECUT1, WDR72, KLK, MAP3K7, and TGFBR2 genes using a GWAS. We also identified 224 genes by analyzing protein-protein interactions among candidate genes of scrub typhus and identified 15 signaling pathways associated with over 10 genes by classifying these genes according to signaling pathways. The signaling pathway with the largest number of associated genes was the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor pathway, followed by the TGF-beta signaling pathway and the apoptosis signaling pathway. To the best of our knowledge, this report describes the first GWAS in scrub typhus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10030570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]],"date-time":"2021-03-05T11:46:09Z","timestamp":1614944769000},"page":"570","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Eight Novel Loci for Susceptibility of Scrub Typhus and Highlights Immune-Related Signaling Pathways in Its Pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yong-Chan","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54531, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6161-1636","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soriul","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Human Genomic Study, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hee-Kwon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Imaging &amp; Therapeutic Medicine Research Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Medical School and Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54907, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7547-6087","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial Plant Science &amp; Technology, Chungbuk National University, Chungju, Chungbuk 28644, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chol","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Human Genomic Study, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sleep and Critical Care Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Ansan 15355, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2897-2202","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang-Seop","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54907, Korea"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54907, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4525-9994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Byung-Hoon","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54531, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Luce-Fedrow, A., Lehman, M.L., Kelly, D.J., Mullins, K., Maina, A.N., Stewart, R.L., Ge, H., John, H.S., Jiang, J., and Richards, A.L. 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