{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:29:29Z","timestamp":1791498569206,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":147,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]],"date-time":"2021-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Spermatogenesis is a complex and dynamic process which is precisely controlledby genetic and epigenetic factors. With the development of new technologies (e.g., single-cell RNA sequencing), increasingly more regulatory genes related to spermatogenesis have been identified. In this review, we address the roles and mechanisms of novel genes in regulating the normal and abnormal spermatogenesis. Specifically, we discussed the functions and signaling pathways of key new genes in mediating the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of rodent and human spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs), as well as in controlling the meiosis of spermatocytes and other germ cells. Additionally, we summarized the gene regulation in the abnormal testicular microenvironment or the niche by Sertoli cells, peritubular myoid cells, and Leydig cells. Finally, we pointed out the future directions for investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying human spermatogenesis. This review could offer novel insights into genetic regulation in the normal and abnormal spermatogenesis, and it provides new molecular targets for gene therapy of male infertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10030666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]],"date-time":"2021-03-17T11:48:22Z","timestamp":1615981702000},"page":"666","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Novel Gene Regulation in Normal and Abnormal Spermatogenesis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, 371 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, 371 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixin","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, 371 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Si","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, 371 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, 371 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510600, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuping","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Key Laboratory of Model Animals and Stem Cell Biology in Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, 371 Tongzipo Road, Changsha 410013, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weibing","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Family Planning Research Institute of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510600, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"35","article-title":"Regulation of germ line stem cell homeostasis","volume":"12","author":"Garcia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anim. 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