{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T23:05:32Z","timestamp":1791068732607,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]],"date-time":"2021-03-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616716800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 107-2622-B-033-001-CC2 to C.-D.H. and MOST 108-2113-M153-003 to K.H.-C.C."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 107-2622-B-033-001-CC2 to C.-D.H. and MOST 108-2113-M153-003 to K.H.-C.C."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Antidepressants are well-known drugs to treat depression and major depressive disorder for humans. However, the misuse and abuse of antidepressants keep increasing with several side effects reported. The aim of this study was to assess the potential adverse effects of 18 antidepressants by monitoring zebrafish larval locomotor activity performance based on the total distance traveled, burst movement count, and total rotation count at four dark-light intercalated phases. In general, zebrafish larvae displayed sedative effects after antidepressant exposure by showing a significant reduction in all of the locomotor activity-related endpoints. However, three antidepressants i.e., amitriptyline, amoxapine, and sertraline were able to trigger a significantly high locomotor activity in zebrafish larvae during the light cycle. These differences might be due to the pharmacologic differences among the antidepressants. In addition, since each antidepressant possesses a different dosage range from the other, overdoses of these antidepressants might also be the causes of these differences. Furthermore, based on these results, a further study was conducted to observe the effect of these three antidepressants in lower concentrations. From the results, biphasic effects in terms of zebrafish larval locomotor activity were demonstrated by these drugs. Even though further studies are still required to validate the mechanism, these findings indicate that these antidepressants might share a common mechanism responsible for their effects on zebrafish larval locomotor activity although there were some differences in potency of these effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10040738","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]],"date-time":"2021-03-26T13:17:53Z","timestamp":1616764673000},"page":"738","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Antidepressant Screening Demonstrated Non-Monotonic Responses to Amitriptyline, Amoxapine and Sertraline in Locomotor Activity Assay in Larval Zebrafish"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0089-6516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael Edbert","family":"Suryanto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gilbert","family":"Audira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3013-4718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boontida","family":"Uapipatanakul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thanyaburi 12110, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akhlaq","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5715-9827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferry","family":"Saputra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petrus","family":"Siregar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2709-2633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kelvin H.-C.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Chemistry, National Pingtung University, Pingtung 900391, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6398-8672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chung-Der","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan"},{"name":"Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 320314, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Antidepressants: Mechanism of action, toxicity and possible amelioration","volume":"3","author":"Khushboo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. 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