{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T01:18:07Z","timestamp":1781659087086,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant","award":["Grant agreement 813599 (TRIM-NET)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Grant agreement 813599 (TRIM-NET)"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01 NS097197"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01 NS097197"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins are RING E3 ubiquitin ligases defined by a shared domain structure. Several of them are implicated in rare genetic diseases, and mutations in TRIM32 and TRIM-like malin are associated with Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy R8 and Lafora disease, respectively. These two proteins are evolutionary related, share a common ancestor, and both display NHL repeats at their C-terminus. Here, we revmniew the function of these two related E3 ubiquitin ligases discussing their intrinsic and possible common pathophysiological pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10040820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T10:34:12Z","timestamp":1617705252000},"page":"820","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["TRIM32 and Malin in Neurological and Neuromuscular Rare Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Lorena","family":"Kumarasinghe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, CSIC, Jaime Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Building Q, Via L. Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6483-3912","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Adelaida","family":"Garcia-Gimeno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Polytechnic University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5299-7525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisa","family":"Lazzari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Building Q, Via L. Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2399-4103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascual","family":"Sanz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, CSIC, Jaime Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biomedica en Red Enfermedades Raras CIBERER-ISCIII, 46010 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2531-114X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Germana","family":"Meroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Building Q, Via L. Giorgieri 5, 34127 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-060310-170328","article-title":"The ubiquitin code","volume":"81","author":"Komander","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-biochem-060815-014922","article-title":"Ubiquitin ligases: Structure, function, and regulation","volume":"86","author":"Zheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.2780","article-title":"New insights into ubiquitin e3 ligase mechanism","volume":"21","author":"Berndsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. 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