{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T03:16:36Z","timestamp":1785294996484,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]],"date-time":"2021-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"UK Medical Research Council Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases","award":["G0601943"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G0601943"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Heterogeneity of glia in different CNS regions may contribute to the selective vulnerability of neuronal populations in neurodegenerative conditions such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here, we explored regional variations in the expression of heat shock protein 25 in glia under conditions of acute and chronic stress. Hsp27 (Hsp27; murine orthologue: Hsp25) fulfils a number of cytoprotective functions and may therefore be a possible therapeutic target in ALS. We identified a subpopulation of astrocytes in primary murine mixed glial cultures that expressed Hsp25. Under basal conditions, the proportion of Hsp25-positive astrocytes was twice as high in spinal cord cultures than in cortical cultures. To explore the physiological role of the elevated Hsp25 expression in spinal cord astrocytes, we exposed cortical and spinal cord glia to acute stress, using heat stress and pro-inflammatory stimuli. Surprisingly, we observed no stress-induced increase in Hsp25 expression in either cortical or spinal cord astrocytes. Similarly, exposure to endogenous stress, as modelled in glial cultures from SOD1 G93A-ALS mice, did not increase Hsp25 expression above that observed in astrocytes from wild-type mice. In vivo, Hsp25 expression was greater under conditions of chronic stress present in the spinal cord of SOD1 G93A mice than in wild-type mice, although this increase in expression is likely to be due to the extensive gliosis that occurs in this model. Together, these results show that there are differences in the expression of Hsp25 in astrocytes in different regions of the central nervous system, but Hsp25 expression is not upregulated under acute or chronic stress conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10051257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]],"date-time":"2021-05-19T12:58:07Z","timestamp":1621429087000},"page":"1257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Regional Differences in Heat Shock Protein 25 Expression in Brain and Spinal Cord Astrocytes of Wild-Type and SOD1 G93A Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5725-5512","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"San Gil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2519, Australia"},{"name":"Neurodegeneration Pathobiology Laboratory, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5775-352X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin E.","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK"},{"name":"The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7574-0044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heath","family":"Ecroyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2519, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernadett","family":"Kalmar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linda","family":"Greensmith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat0473","article-title":"Glia as architects of central nervous system formation and function","volume":"362","author":"Allen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20663","article-title":"Region-specific expression of immunoregulatory proteins on microglia in the healthy CNS","volume":"56","author":"Boddeke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aab3103","article-title":"Neurons diversify astrocytes in the adult brain through sonic hedgehog signaling","volume":"351","author":"Farmer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4222","article-title":"Microglial brain region\u2014Dependent diversity and selective regional sensitivities to aging","volume":"19","author":"Grabert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. 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