{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T01:39:56Z","timestamp":1789177196563,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R21EY025034 and R01EY030889 to G.P.L; 2R01DK087956-06A1, R56-DK116887-01A1, and 1R03TR003038-01 to D.N.; EY027013-02 to M.R.B.; and R01EY027355 to S.H."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R21EY025034 and R01EY030889 to G.P.L; 2R01DK087956-06A1, R56-DK116887-01A1, and 1R03TR003038-01 to D.N.; EY027013-02 to M.R.B.; and R01EY027355 to S.H."]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Unconventional myosins, linked to deafness, are also proposed to play a role in retinal cell physiology. However, their direct role in photoreceptor function remains unclear. We demonstrate that systemic loss of the unconventional myosin MYO1C in mice, specifically causes rhodopsin mislocalization, leading to impaired visual function. Electroretinogram analysis of Myo1c knockout (Myo1c-KO) mice showed a progressive loss of photoreceptor function. Immunohistochemistry and binding assays demonstrated MYO1C localization to photoreceptor inner and outer segments (OS) and identified a direct interaction of rhodopsin with MYO1C. In Myo1c-KO retinas, rhodopsin mislocalized to rod inner segments (IS) and cell bodies, while cone opsins in OS showed punctate staining. In aged mice, the histological and ultrastructural examination of the phenotype of Myo1c-KO retinas showed progressively shorter photoreceptor OS. These results demonstrate that MYO1C is important for rhodopsin localization to the photoreceptor OS, and for normal visual function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10061322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T10:30:32Z","timestamp":1622025032000},"page":"1322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Loss of Motor Protein MYO1C Causes Rhodopsin Mislocalization and Results in Impaired Visual Function"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5043-1699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashish K.","family":"Solanki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9685-2923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manas R.","family":"Biswal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Taneja College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Walterhouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ren\u00e9","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Bergstra\u00dfe 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5516-6951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Altaf A.","family":"Kondkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9631-5239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans-Joachim","family":"Kn\u00f6lker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Technische Universit\u00e4t Dresden, Bergstra\u00dfe 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bushra","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ehtesham","family":"Arif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8978-8353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shahid","family":"Husain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra R.","family":"Montezuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, University of Minnesota, 516 Delaware Street S.E., 9th Floor, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepak","family":"Nihalani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bldg. 2DEM, Room 6085, 6707 Democracy Blvd., Bethesda, MD 20817, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenn Prazere","family":"Lobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Neurosciences, Lions Research Building, University of Minnesota, 2001 6th Street S.E., Room 225, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8837","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M610369200","article-title":"The function of guanylate cyclase 1 and guanylate cyclase 2 in rod and cone photoreceptors","volume":"282","author":"Baehr","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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