{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T20:02:17Z","timestamp":1790712137969,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":186,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The skin is our largest organ and the outermost protective barrier. Its aging reflects both intrinsic and extrinsic processes resulting from the constant insults it is exposed to. Aging in the skin is accompanied by specific epigenetic modifications, accumulation of senescent cells, reduced cellular proliferation\/tissue renewal, altered extracellular matrix, and a proinflammatory environment favoring undesirable conditions, including disease onset. Macrophages (M\u03c6) are the most abundant immune cell type in the skin and comprise a group of heterogeneous and plastic cells that are key for skin homeostasis and host defense. However, they have also been implicated in orchestrating chronic inflammation during aging. Since M\u03c6 are related to innate and adaptive immunity, it is possible that age-modified skin M\u03c6 promote adaptive immunity exacerbation and exhaustion, favoring the emergence of proinflammatory pathologies, such as skin cancer. In this review, we will highlight recent findings pertaining to the effects of aging hallmarks over M\u03c6, supporting the recognition of such cell types as a driving force in skin inflammaging and age-related diseases. We will also present recent research targeting M\u03c6 as potential therapeutic interventions in inflammatory skin disorders and cancer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10061323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T10:30:32Z","timestamp":1622025032000},"page":"1323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Hallmarks of Aging in Macrophages: Consequences to Skin Inflammaging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Gabriela Rapozo","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of Experimental and Translational Research, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Palloma Porto","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of Experimental and Translational Research, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9497-2684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leandro","family":"de Oliveira Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of Experimental and Translational Research, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leane Perim","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Program, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70790-160, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana Lott","family":"de Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology Program, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70790-160, Brazil"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3495-9917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariana","family":"Boroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Division of Experimental and Translational Research, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231-050, Brazil"},{"name":"Experimental Medicine Research Cluster (EMRC), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.14336\/AD.2018.0324","article-title":"Redefining Chronic Inflammation in Aging and Age-Related Diseases: Proposal of the Senoinflammation Concept","volume":"10","author":"Chung","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.05.039","article-title":"The Hallmarks of Aging","volume":"153","author":"Blasco","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mc Auley, M.T., Guimera, A.M., Hodgson, D., Mcdonald, N., Mooney, K.M., Morgan, A.E., and Proctor, C.J. (2017). Modelling the Molecular Mechanisms of Aging. Biosci. Rep., 37.","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20160177"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtv.2016.03.002","article-title":"Introduction to Skin Aging","volume":"26","author":"Tobin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Tissue Viability"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2021.01.006","article-title":"Hallmarks of Aging and Immunosenescence: Connecting the Dots","volume":"59","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-0922-4","article-title":"Single-Cell Transcriptomes of the Human Skin Reveal Age-Related Loss of Fibroblast Priming","volume":"3","author":"Raddatz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Commun. Biol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2008.09.007","article-title":"Physiology of Skin Aging","volume":"57","author":"Robert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pathol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06651.x","article-title":"Inflamm-Aging. An Evolutionary Perspective on Immunosenescence","volume":"908","author":"Franceschi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-017-1953-7","article-title":"The Role of Macrophages in Skin Homeostasis","volume":"469","author":"Yanez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Arch. Eur. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2316-7","article-title":"Deciphering Human Macrophage Development at Single-Cell Resolution","volume":"582","author":"Bian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2017.06.008","article-title":"Langerhans Cells\u2014The Macrophage in Dendritic Cell Clothing","volume":"38","author":"Doebel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2455","article-title":"Origin, Homeostasis and Function of Langerhans Cells and Other Langerin-Expressing Dendritic Cells","volume":"8","author":"Merad","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2010.10.003","article-title":"Langerhans Cells: Not Your Average Dendritic Cell","volume":"31","author":"Kaplan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13989","article-title":"Tissue-Resident Macrophages Originate from Yolk-Sac-Derived Erythro-Myeloid Progenitors","volume":"518","author":"Klapproth","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3683","article-title":"The Origins and Functions of Dendritic Cells and Macrophages in the Skin","volume":"14","author":"Malissen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6425","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26429","article-title":"Macrophage Plasticity, Polarization, and Function in Health and Disease","volume":"233","author":"Mohammadian","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0355-0","article-title":"A Pan-Cancer Blueprint of the Heterogeneous Tumor Microenvironment Revealed by Single-Cell Profiling","volume":"30","author":"Qian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.03.009","article-title":"Single-Cell Transcriptomics of Human and Mouse Lung Cancers Reveals Conserved Myeloid Populations across Individuals and Species","volume":"50","author":"Zilionis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2018.12.007","article-title":"Metabolic Alterations in Aging Macrophages: Ingredients for Inflammaging?","volume":"40","author":"Mastroberardino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_20","unstructured":"(2020). Tabula Muris Consortium A Single-Cell Transcriptomic Atlas Characterizes Ageing Tissues in the Mouse. Nature, 583, 590\u2013595."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2017.03.005","article-title":"Role of Macrophages in Age-Related Oxidative Stress and Lipofuscin Accumulation in Mice","volume":"12","author":"Vida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.13152","article-title":"Skin Barrier Immunity and Ageing","volume":"160","author":"Chambers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100501","article-title":"Aging Affects Epidermal Langerhans Cell Development and Function and Alters Their miRNA Gene Expression Profile","volume":"4","author":"Xu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"V5","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-20-0489","article-title":"Macrophage-Derived Multinucleated Giant Cells: Hallmarks of the Aging Ovary","volume":"161","author":"Foley","year":"2021","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.4A0214-093RR","article-title":"Characterization of Lung Inflammation and Its Impact on Macrophage Function in Aging","volume":"96","author":"Canan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105682","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.105682","article-title":"Inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Pyroptosis in Macrophage by Cycloastragenol Contributes to Amelioration of Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasis-like Skin Inflammation in Mice","volume":"74","author":"Deng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3523642","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/3523642","article-title":"Involvement of M1 Macrophage Polarization in Endosomal Toll-Like Receptors Activated Psoriatic Inflammation","volume":"2018","author":"Lu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2019.10.073","article-title":"ADAMDEC1 Promotes Skin Inflammation in Rosacea via Modulating the Polarization of M1 Macrophages","volume":"521","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23986","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000023986","article-title":"Paeoniflorin Inhibits the Macrophage-Related Rosacea-like Inflammatory Reaction through the Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3-Apoptosis Signal-Regulating Kinase 1-p38 Pathway","volume":"100","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"43","article-title":"Assessment of Serum Levels of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) among Non-Segmental Vitiligo Patients: A Pilot Study","volume":"24","author":"Abdellatif","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Derm. Alp. Pannonica Adriat"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20186068","article-title":"Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor as an Incriminating Agent in Vitiligo","volume":"93","author":"Farag","year":"2018","journal-title":"An. Bras. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2020.02.023","article-title":"Pivotal Involvement of the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 Axis for the Recruitment of M2 Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Skin Carcinogenesis","volume":"140","author":"Ishida","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-14-3676","article-title":"Macrophage Infiltration and Alternative Activation during Wound Healing Promote MEK1-Induced Skin Carcinogenesis","volume":"76","author":"Weber","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760170281","article-title":"Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Promotes Genomic Instability in Macrophages","volume":"113","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.08.015","article-title":"DNA Damage Signaling Instructs Polyploid Macrophage Fate in Granulomas","volume":"174","author":"Herrtwich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2017.11.002","article-title":"DNA Damage Signaling and Polyploid Macrophages in Chronic Inflammation","volume":"50","author":"Horn","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_37","unstructured":"Kovalchuk, I., and Kovalchuk, O. (2016). Chapter 29\u2014Genomic Instability and Aging: Causes and Consequences. Genome Stability, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4401843","article-title":"Signals from within: The DNA-Damage-Induced NF-\u03baB Response","volume":"13","author":"Janssens","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lloberas, J., Tur, J., Vico, T., and Celada, A. (2018). Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Macrophage Aging. Handbook of Immunosenescence, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-64597-1_46-1"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2020.104278","article-title":"Tissue-Resident Macrophage Inflammaging Aggravates Homeostasis Dysregulation in Age-Related Diseases","volume":"361","author":"Yue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2015.06.004","article-title":"The Short and Long Telomere Syndromes: Paired Paradigms for Molecular Medicine","volume":"33","author":"Stanley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2020.12.003","article-title":"The Impact of Ageing on Monocytes and Macrophages","volume":"230","author":"Chambers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.02.071","article-title":"Telomere Dysfunction Disturbs Macrophage Mitochondrial Metabolism and the NLRP3 Inflammasome through the PGC-1\u03b1\/TNFAIP3 Axis","volume":"22","author":"Kang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4172","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms5172","article-title":"Chronic Inflammation Induces Telomere Dysfunction and Accelerates Ageing in Mice","volume":"2","author":"Jurk","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01078","article-title":"Chronic Inflammation in Immune Aging: Role of Pattern Recognition Receptor Crosstalk with the Telomere Complex?","volume":"8","author":"Jose","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2015.11.006","article-title":"Ageing and the Telomere Connection: An Intimate Relationship with Inflammation","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-019-0315-0","article-title":"Epigenetic Regulation of Macrophages: From Homeostasis Maintenance to Host Defense","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2012.11.001","article-title":"Epigenetic Regulation of Macrophage Polarization and Function","volume":"34","author":"Ivashkiv","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6495","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26497","article-title":"Histone Methylation and Acetylation in Macrophages as a Mechanism for Regulation of Inflammatory Responses","volume":"233","author":"Daskalaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R115","DOI":"10.1186\/gb-2013-14-10-r115","article-title":"DNA Methylation Age of Human Tissues and Cell Types","volume":"14","author":"Horvath","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genome Biol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-020-00899-1","article-title":"Highly Accurate Skin-Specific Methylome Analysis Algorithm as a Platform to Screen and Validate Therapeutics for Healthy Aging","volume":"12","author":"Boroni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Epigenet."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s13072-019-0279-4","article-title":"Human Monocyte-to-Macrophage Differentiation Involves Highly Localized Gain and Loss of DNA Methylation at Transcription Factor Binding Sites","volume":"12","author":"Dekkers","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epigenet. Chromatin."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2011.09.009","article-title":"Age-Related Loss of CpG Methylation in the Tumour Necrosis Factor Promoter","volume":"56","author":"Gowers","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1920","article-title":"The Jmjd3-Irf4 Axis Regulates M2 Macrophage Polarization and Host Responses against Helminth Infection","volume":"11","author":"Satoh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kittan, N.A., Allen, R.M., Dhaliwal, A., Cavassani, K.A., Schaller, M., Gallagher, K.A., Carson, W.F., Mukherjee, S., Grembecka, J., and Cierpicki, T. (2013). Cytokine Induced Phenotypic and Epigenetic Signatures Are Key to Establishing Specific Macrophage Phenotypes. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078045"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20908","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.24556","article-title":"Epigenetic Control of Macrophage Polarization: Implications for Targeting Tumor-Associated Macrophages","volume":"9","author":"Pienta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"509","article-title":"Oxidative Stress in Pulmonary Fibrosis","volume":"10","author":"Otoupalova","year":"2011","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2020.06.038","article-title":"A Mitochondrial Stress-Specific Form of HSF1 Protects against Age-Related Proteostasis Collapse","volume":"54","author":"Williams","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dev. Cell"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bonam, S.R., Ruff, M., and Muller, S. (2019). HSPA8\/HSC70 in Immune Disorders: A Molecular Rheostat That Adjusts Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy Substrates. Cells, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells8080849"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2012.157","article-title":"Morphological Study of the Relationship between Solar Elastosis and the Development of Wrinkles on the Forehead and Lateral Canthus","volume":"148","author":"Tsukahara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2494.2010.00588.x","article-title":"A Novel Anti-Ageing Mechanism for Retinol: Induction of Dermal Elastin Synthesis and Elastin Fibre Formation","volume":"33","author":"Rossetti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1159\/000464470","article-title":"An Insight into the Changes in Skin Texture and Properties Following Dietary Intervention with a Nutricosmeceutical Containing a Blend of Collagen Bioactive Peptides and Antioxidants","volume":"30","author":"Genovese","year":"2017","journal-title":"Skin Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-017-2207-9","article-title":"A Prospective Study of the Safety and Efficacy of a Combined Bipolar Radiofrequency, Intense Pulsed Light, and Infrared Diode Laser Treatment for Global Facial Photoaging","volume":"32","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lasers Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037e","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0000000000006867","article-title":"Photoaged Skin Therapy with Adipose-Derived Stem Cells","volume":"145","author":"Rigotti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"175","article-title":"Understanding Solar Skin Elastosis-Cause and Treatment","volume":"69","author":"Pain","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Sci."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1111\/acel.12105","article-title":"Inhibition of X-Box Binding Protein 1 Reduces Tunicamycin-Induced Apoptosis in Aged Murine Macrophages","volume":"12","author":"Song","year":"2013","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1857","article-title":"TLR Activation of the Transcription Factor XBP1 Regulates Innate Immune Responses in Macrophages","volume":"11","author":"Martinon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1302549","article-title":"Cutting Edge: Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Licenses Macrophages To Produce Mature IL-1\u03b2 in Response to TLR4 Stimulation through a Caspase-8\u2013 and TRIF-Dependent Pathway","volume":"192","author":"Shenderov","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5407","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1402277","article-title":"Critical Role for IL-18 in Spontaneous Lung Inflammation Caused by Autophagy Deficiency","volume":"194","author":"Fattah","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35886","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.514919","article-title":"Inflammasome Activation by Altered Proteostasis","volume":"288","author":"Shin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2015.02.005","article-title":"Macrophage Inflammasome Mediates Hyperhomocysteinemia-Aggravated Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm","volume":"81","author":"Sun","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000373","article-title":"Prolonged Endoplasmic Reticulum\u2013Stressed Hepatocytes Drive an Alternative Macrophage Polarization","volume":"44","author":"Xiu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6561","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1008942108","article-title":"Transmission of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and pro-Inflammation from Tumor Cells to Myeloid Cells","volume":"108","author":"Mahadevan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.10053","article-title":"Molecular and Biological Hallmarks of Ageing","volume":"103","author":"Aunan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gls145","article-title":"Insulin Resistance and Aging: A Cause or a Protective Response?","volume":"67","author":"Barzilai","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sanchez-Garrido, J., and Shenoy, A.R. (2020). Regulation and Repurposing of Nutrient Sensing and Autophagy in Innate Immunity. Autophagy, 1\u201321.","DOI":"10.1080\/15548627.2020.1783119"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.2741\/4889","article-title":"Signaling Pathways and Effectors of Aging","volume":"26","author":"Tabibzadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2017.04.006","article-title":"NAD+ Dependent Deacetylase Sirtuin 5 Rescues the Innate Inflammatory Response of Endotoxin Tolerant Macrophages by Promoting Acetylation of p65","volume":"81","author":"Qin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01462","article-title":"The Metabolic Signature of Macrophage Responses","volume":"10","author":"Viola","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aal3535","article-title":"Anti-Inflammatory Effect of IL-10 Mediated by Metabolic Reprogramming of Macrophages","volume":"356","author":"Ip","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2018.08.012","article-title":"Glycolytic Stimulation Is Not a Requirement for M2 Macrophage Differentiation","volume":"28","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4223","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI80919","article-title":"High Salt Reduces the Activation of IL-4- and IL-13-Stimulated Macrophages","volume":"125","author":"Binger","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2016.09.016","article-title":"Metabolic Reprogramming Mediated by the mTORC2-IRF4 Signaling Axis Is Essential for Macrophage Alternative Activation","volume":"45","author":"Huang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.09.005","article-title":"Interleukin-4 Receptor \u03b1 Signaling in Myeloid Cells Controls Collagen Fibril Assembly in Skin Repair","volume":"43","author":"Knipper","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaj2067","article-title":"Local Amplifiers of IL-4R\u03b1\u2013mediated Macrophage Activation Promote Repair in Lung and Liver","volume":"356","author":"Minutti","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.01.028","article-title":"IL-4 Receptor Alpha Signaling through Macrophages Differentially Regulates Liver Fibrosis Progression and Reversal","volume":"29","author":"Weng","year":"2018","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03108.x","article-title":"Nuclear\/cytoplasmic Shuttling of the Transcription Factor FoxO1 Is Regulated by Neurotrophic Factors","volume":"93","author":"Gan","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Neurochem."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.201306041","article-title":"Where Is mTOR and What Is It Doing There?","volume":"203","author":"Betz","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5296","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1501237","article-title":"Myeloid Cell-Restricted Insulin\/IGF-1 Receptor Deficiency Protects against Skin Inflammation","volume":"195","author":"Knuever","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2017.12.001","article-title":"Short-Term Sustained Hyperglycaemia Fosters an Archetypal Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype in Endothelial Cells and Macrophages","volume":"15","author":"Prattichizzo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.3A0514-251R","article-title":"Distinct Role of FoxO1 in M-CSF- and GM-CSF-Differentiated Macrophages Contributes LPS-Mediated IL-10: Implication in Hyperglycemia","volume":"97","author":"Chung","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2016.01.044","article-title":"Growth Hormone Receptor Deficiency Protects against Age-Related NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Immune Senescence","volume":"14","author":"Spadaro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_93","first-page":"655","article-title":"Metformin Induces the M2 Macrophage Polarization to Accelerate the Wound Healing via Regulating AMPK\/mTOR\/NLRP3 Inflammasome Singling Pathway","volume":"11","author":"Qing","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2019.101198","article-title":"Metabolic Programming of Macrophage Functions and Pathogens Control","volume":"24","author":"Koo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shekhova, E. (2020). Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species as Major Effectors of Antimicrobial Immunity. PLoS Pathog., 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008470"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2999","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-012-0962-0","article-title":"Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Oxidative Stress Activate Inflammasomes: Impact on the Aging Process and Age-Related Diseases","volume":"69","author":"Salminen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e200026","DOI":"10.20900\/immunometab20200026","article-title":"Macrophage Immunometabolism and Inflammaging: Roles of Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Cellular Senescence, CD38, and NAD","volume":"2","author":"Yarbro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immunometabolism"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-37438-1","article-title":"Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Aged Macrophages and Lung during Primary Streptococcus Pneumoniae Infection Is Improved with Pirfenidone","volume":"9","author":"Plataki","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2309034","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/2309034","article-title":"Mitochondrial (Dys) Function in Inflammaging: Do MitomiRs Influence the Energetic, Oxidative, and Inflammatory Status of Senescent Cells?","volume":"2017","author":"Giuliani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0255-3","article-title":"Macrophage de Novo NAD+ Synthesis Specifies Immune Function in Aging and Inflammation","volume":"20","author":"Minhas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2016.09.005","article-title":"Inflammaging and \u201cGarb-Aging\u201d","volume":"28","author":"Franceschi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-2649-z","article-title":"Mitochondria in Skin Health, Aging, and Disease","volume":"11","author":"Sreedhar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00371836","article-title":"The Effect of Reactive Oxygen Species on the Biosynthesis of Collagen and Glycosaminoglycans in Cultured Human Dermal Fibroblasts","volume":"285","author":"Tanaka","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.3390\/biom5020545","article-title":"Oxidative Stress in Aging Human Skin","volume":"5","author":"Rinnerthaler","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6555","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7555","article-title":"Xanthine Oxidoreductase Regulates Macrophage IL1\u03b2 Secretion upon NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation","volume":"6","author":"Ives","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3003","DOI":"10.2174\/138161209789058110","article-title":"An Update of the Oxidation-Inflammation Theory of Aging: The Involvement of the Immune System in Oxi-Inflamm-Aging","volume":"15","author":"Fuente","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI95148","article-title":"Mechanisms and Functions of Cellular Senescence","volume":"128","author":"Herranz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2019.110780","article-title":"Cell Aging and Cellular Senescence in Skin Aging\u2014Recent Advances in Fibroblast and Keratinocyte Biology","volume":"130","author":"Gruber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathol-121808-102144","article-title":"The Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype: The Dark Side of Tumor Suppression","volume":"5","author":"Desprez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-020-00187-9","article-title":"Role of Immune Cells in the Removal of Deleterious Senescent Cells","volume":"17","author":"Kale","year":"2020","journal-title":"Immun. Ageing"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.14205","article-title":"SASP-Induced Macrophage Dysfunction May Contribute to Accelerated Senescent Fibroblast Accumulation in the Dermis","volume":"30","author":"Ogata","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475139","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/475139","article-title":"Interleukin-6 Contributes to Age-Related Alteration of Cytokine Production by Macrophages","volume":"2010","author":"Gomez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0105-2896.2005.00260.x","article-title":"Immunosenescence and Macrophage Functional Plasticity: Dysregulation of Macrophage Function by Age-Associated Microenvironmental Changes","volume":"205","author":"Stout","year":"2005","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gly229","article-title":"Strength Endurance Training but Not Intensive Strength Training Reduces Senescence-Prone T Cells in Peripheral Blood in Community-Dwelling Elderly Women","volume":"74","author":"Njemini","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-020-00674-y","article-title":"The Use of a Bed with an Insulating System of Electromagnetic Fields Improves Immune Function, Redox and Inflammatory States, and Decrease the Rate of Aging","volume":"19","author":"Vida","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a008383","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a008383","article-title":"Development and Homeostasis of the Skin Epidermis","volume":"4","author":"Sotiropoulou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.10311","article-title":"Mouse Epidermal Stem Cells Proceed through the Cell Cycle","volume":"195","author":"Dunnwald","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, L., Ngo, H.T.T., Hwang, E., Wei, X., Liu, Y., Liu, J., and Yi, T.-H. (2019). Conditioned Medium from Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Culture Prevents UVB-Induced Skin Aging in Human Keratinocytes and Dermal Fibroblasts. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21010049"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10847","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.28376","article-title":"Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Promote Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Inhibit Cell Apoptosis via Wnt\/\u03b2-Catenin Signaling in Cutaneous Wound Healing","volume":"120","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2009.06.017","article-title":"mTOR Mediates Wnt-Induced Epidermal Stem Cell Exhaustion and Aging","volume":"5","author":"Castilho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51756","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.51756","article-title":"Yolk-Sac-Derived Macrophages Progressively Expand in the Mouse Kidney with Age","volume":"9","author":"Ide","year":"2020","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaax8704","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aax8704","article-title":"A Wave of Monocytes Is Recruited to Replenish the Long-Term Langerhans Cell Network after Immune Injury","volume":"4","author":"Ferrer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3964","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0903356","article-title":"Differential Roles of Macrophages in Diverse Phases of Skin Repair","volume":"184","author":"Lucas","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00067.2017","article-title":"Wound Healing: A Cellular Perspective","volume":"99","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s12079-017-0417-3","article-title":"Restoration of the Basement Membrane after Wounding: A Hallmark of Young Human Skin Altered with Aging","volume":"12","author":"Fisher","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell Commun. Signal."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2012.05.040","article-title":"Activated Mesenchymal Stem Cells Increase Wound Tensile Strength in Aged Mouse Model via Macrophages","volume":"181","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581697","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.581697","article-title":"Epidermal Stem Cells in Hair Follicle Cycling and Skin Regeneration: A View From the Perspective of Inflammation","volume":"8","author":"Morgun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2019.05.009","article-title":"A Subset of Skin Macrophages Contributes to the Surveillance and Regeneration of Local Nerves","volume":"50","author":"Kolter","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaar2971","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar2971","article-title":"Myofibroblast Proliferation and Heterogeneity Are Supported by Macrophages during Skin Repair","volume":"362","author":"Shook","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.2174\/1871528113666140522112003","article-title":"Inflammaging in Skin and Other Tissues\u2014the Roles of Complement System and Macrophage","volume":"13","author":"Zhuang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inflamm. Allergy Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.192294.112","article-title":"Age-Associated Inflammation Inhibits Epidermal Stem Cell Function","volume":"26","author":"Doles","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genes Dev."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.01.003","article-title":"Aging, Rejuvenation, and Epigenetic Reprogramming: Resetting the Aging Clock","volume":"148","author":"Rando","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.17268","article-title":"Aged Human Skin Accumulates Mast Cells with Altered Functionality That Localize to Macrophages and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide-Positive Nerve Fibres","volume":"180","author":"Pilkington","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2018.09.003","article-title":"The Integration of Inflammaging in Age-Related Diseases","volume":"40","author":"Fulop","year":"2018","journal-title":"Semin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120225","article-title":"Immunology of Psoriasis","volume":"32","author":"Lowes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4786","article-title":"Macrophage-Mediated Psoriasis Can Be Suppressed by Regulatory T Lymphocytes","volume":"240","author":"Dantas","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ple\u0144kowska, J., Gabig-Cimi\u0144ska, M., and Mozolewski, P. (2020). Oxidative Stress as an Important Contributor to the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176206"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2014.10.009","article-title":"An Inflammatory Triangle in Psoriasis: TNF, Type I IFNs and IL-17","volume":"26","author":"Grine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00478","article-title":"Mononuclear Phagocyte Activation Is Associated With the Immunopathology of Psoriasis","volume":"11","author":"Costa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI27180","article-title":"Activated Macrophages Are Essential in a Murine Model for T Cell\u2013mediated Chronic Psoriasiform Skin Inflammation","volume":"116","author":"Wang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1080\/13510002.2018.1462027","article-title":"Proanthocyanidins: Novel Treatment for Psoriasis That Reduces Oxidative Stress and Modulates Th17 and Treg Cells","volume":"23","author":"Lai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Redox Rep."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bunte, K., and Beikler, T. (2019). Th17 Cells and the IL-23\/IL-17 Axis in the Pathogenesis of Periodontitis and Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20143394"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s40659-019-0255-2","article-title":"Astilbin Reduces ROS Accumulation and VEGF Expression through Nrf2 in Psoriasis-like Skin Disease","volume":"52","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Res."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-3080-0_1","article-title":"Etiology of Melanoma","volume":"65","author":"Koh","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Res."},{"key":"ref_145","first-page":"5399","article-title":"Macrophages in Skin Melanoma-the Key Element in Melanomagenesis (Review)","volume":"15","author":"Pieniazek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clawson, G.A., Matters, G.L., Xin, P., Imamura-Kawasawa, Y., Du, Z., Thiboutot, D.M., Helm, K.F., Neves, R.I., and Abraham, T. (2015). Macrophage-Tumor Cell Fusions from Peripheral Blood of Melanoma Patients. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134320"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02235-w","article-title":"Poor Clinical Outcome in Metastatic Melanoma Is Associated with a microRNA-Modulated Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment","volume":"18","author":"Jorge","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20182163","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20182163","article-title":"Human KIT+ Myeloid Cells Facilitate Visceral Metastasis by Melanoma","volume":"218","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18486","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.14474","article-title":"Targeting Macrophage Anti-Tumor Activity to Suppress Melanoma Progression","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242.27","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.204.Supp.242.27","article-title":"Reprogramming of Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Human BrafV600EMutant Melanoma","volume":"204","author":"Santiesteban","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Skytthe, M.K., Graversen, J.H., and Moestrup, S.K. (2020). Targeting of CD163+ Macrophages in Inflammatory and Malignant Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21155497"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/s12291-012-0278-8","article-title":"Oxidative Stress and Skin Cancer: An Overview","volume":"28","author":"Narendhirakannan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J. Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4337","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-83502-8","article-title":"The Incidence and Clinical Analysis of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer","volume":"11","author":"Lange","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5585","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-015-4388-9","article-title":"TIPE2 Regulates Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Tumour Biol."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2011.9","article-title":"Tumor-Associated Macrophages in the Cutaneous SCC Microenvironment Are Heterogeneously Activated","volume":"131","author":"Pettersen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e02273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2019.e02273","article-title":"Human Keratinocyte Carcinomas Have Distinct Differences in Their Tumor-Associated Macrophages","volume":"5","author":"Jiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsai, C.-Y., Shen, C.-Y., Liao, H.-T., Li, K.-J., Lee, H.-T., Lu, C.-S., Wu, C.-H., Kuo, Y.-M., Hsieh, S.-C., and Yu, C.-L. (2019). Molecular and Cellular Bases of Immunosenescence, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Complications Mimicking \u201cInflammaging\u201d in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20163878"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0839-3","article-title":"A Subset of CD163+ Macrophages Displays Mixed Polarizations in Discoid Lupus Skin","volume":"17","author":"Chong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554725","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.554725","article-title":"Oxidative DNA Damage Accelerates Skin Inflammation in Pristane-Induced Lupus Model","volume":"11","author":"Tumurkhuu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.12256","article-title":"Increased 8-Hydroxy-2\u2032-Deoxyguanosine in Plasma and Decreased mRNA Expression of Human 8-Oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase 1, Anti-Oxidant Enzymes, Mitochondrial Biogenesis-Related Proteins and Glycolytic Enzymes in Leucocytes in Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","volume":"176","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_161","first-page":"1085","article-title":"Significance and Impact of Dietary Factors on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Pathogenesis","volume":"17","author":"Constantin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107558","article-title":"Aspirin Alleviates Skin Inflammation and Angiogenesis in Rosacea","volume":"95","author":"Deng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.18420","article-title":"Recommendations for Rosacea Diagnosis, Classification and Management: Update from the Global ROSacea COnsensus 2019 Panel","volume":"182","author":"Schaller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2198","DOI":"10.1038\/jid.2015.141","article-title":"Molecular and Morphological Characterization of Inflammatory Infiltrate in Rosacea Reveals Activation of Th1\/Th17 Pathways","volume":"135","author":"Buhl","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buddenkotte, J., and Steinhoff, M. (2018). Recent Advances in Understanding and Managing Rosacea. F1000Res, 7.","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.16537.1"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1111\/exd.13143","article-title":"Integrative Concepts of Rosacea Pathophysiology, Clinical Presentation and New Therapeutics","volume":"26","author":"Holmes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.5114\/ada.2018.76228","article-title":"Advanced Oxidation Protein Products and Serum Total Oxidant\/antioxidant Status Levels in Rosacea","volume":"35","author":"Erdogan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Postepy Dermatol. Alergol."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u0414\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043d\u043ao, \u041e., and \u0421\u0442o\u0440o\u0436\u0443\u043a, \u041c. (2019). Comprehensive Treatment of Rosacea Patients Taking into Account the Indicators of Inflammatory Mediators and the State of Prooxidant-Antioxidant Homeostasis. Dermatovenerol. Cosmetol. Sexopathology, 26\u201337.","DOI":"10.37321\/dermatology.2019.3-4-04"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20152890","article-title":"Localized Scleroderma: Clinical Spectrum and Therapeutic Update","volume":"90","author":"Careta","year":"2015","journal-title":"An. Bras. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000218","article-title":"Update on Macrophages and Innate Immunity in Scleroderma","volume":"27","author":"Chia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000657","article-title":"Macrophages and Cadherins in Fibrosis and Systemic Sclerosis","volume":"31","author":"To","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000219","article-title":"Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Fibrosis: An Accelerated Aging Phenotype?","volume":"27","author":"Luckhardt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-014-0473-0","article-title":"Role of Cellular Senescence and NOX4-Mediated Oxidative Stress in Systemic Sclerosis Pathogenesis","volume":"17","author":"Jimenez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Rheumatol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.100669","article-title":"Age-Related Changes in Tissue Macrophages Precede Cardiac Functional Impairment","volume":"6","author":"Pinto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1978","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34336","article-title":"Effect of Oxidative Stress on Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B in Scleroderma Dermal Fibroblasts","volume":"64","author":"Tsou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.067504","article-title":"Radical Oxygen Species Production Induced by Advanced Oxidation Protein Products Predicts Clinical Evolution and Response to Treatment in Systemic Sclerosis","volume":"66","author":"Servettaz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S1089-8603(02)00120-9","article-title":"Effect of N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine on Peroxynitrite and Superoxide Anion Production of Lung Alveolar Macrophages in Systemic Sclerosis","volume":"7","author":"Failli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2019.101122","article-title":"Implication of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Sclerosis via Inflammation, Autoimmunity and Fibrosis","volume":"25","author":"Doridot","year":"2019","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clindermatol.2017.01.001","article-title":"Psychosomatic Aspects of Vitiligo","volume":"35","author":"Cupertino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2019.01.001","article-title":"Emerging Role of Immune Cell Network in Autoimmune Skin Disorders: An Update on Pemphigus, Vitiligo and Psoriasis","volume":"45","author":"Das","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cytokine Growth Factor Rev."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.914898","article-title":"Perspectives of New Advances in the Pathogenesis of Vitiligo: From Oxidative Stress to Autoimmunity","volume":"25","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8584930","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8584930","article-title":"Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor as an Emerging Drug Target to Regulate Antioxidant Response Element System","volume":"2017","author":"Yukitake","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1416","DOI":"10.1002\/mgg3.1416","article-title":"Macrophage Inhibitory Factor (MIF) Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Disease Susceptibility and with Circulating MIF Levels in Active Non-Segmental Vitiligo in Patients from Western Mexico","volume":"8","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Genomic Med."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.12263","article-title":"Role of Macrophage Infiltration in Successful Repigmentation in a New Periphery-Spreading Vitiligo Lesion in a Male Japanese Patient","volume":"40","author":"Oiso","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1002\/cia2.12032","article-title":"Effects of Platinum and Palladium Nanocolloid on Macrophage Polarization in Relevance to Repigmentation of Vitiligo","volume":"1","author":"Minamiyama","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cutan. Immunol. Allergy"},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11549","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-10720-4","article-title":"Aspirin Inhibits LPS-Induced Macrophage Activation via the NF-\u03baB Pathway","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/10\/6\/1323\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T06:08:15Z","timestamp":1760162895000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/10\/6\/1323"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]},"references-count":186,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["cells10061323"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells10061323","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]}}}