{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T17:48:23Z","timestamp":1771609703624,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]],"date-time":"2021-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623110400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016003","name":"Mie University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Youngster Research Support Project"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Youngster Research Support Project"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016003","name":"Mie University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["a Start-up Joint Research Promotion Project of Mie University with small- and medium-sized enterprises"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["a Start-up Joint Research Promotion Project of Mie University with small- and medium-sized enterprises"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In human sperm cryopreservation, test yolk buffer and human serum albumin have been used as permeating macromolecular-weight cryoprotectants. In clinical reproductive medicine, human serum albumin is frequently used because of low risks of zoonoses and allergic reactions. However, the risk of allogeneic infectious diseases exists, and the supply may be unstable because human serum albumin is derived from human blood. Therefore, the development of xeno-free human sperm cryopreservative reagents that could overcome the aforementioned problems is warranted. We succeeded in developing a new xeno-free and defined sperm cryopreservation reagent containing glycerol, carboxylated poly-l-lysine, and raffinose. The cryopreservation reagent was not significantly different in terms of sperm motility, viability, and DNA fragmentation and was comparable in performance to a commercial cryopreservation reagent containing human serum albumin. Moreover, the addition of saccharides was essential for its long-term storage. These results may help elucidate the unknown function of macromolecular-weight permeating cryoprotective agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10061435","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]],"date-time":"2021-06-08T12:08:55Z","timestamp":1623154135000},"page":"1435","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Carboxylated Poly-l-Lysine as a Macromolecular Cryoprotective Agent Enables the Development of Defined and Xeno-Free Human Sperm Cryopreservation Reagents"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5994-7416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroki","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan"},{"name":"Center of Advanced Reproductive Medicine, Mie University Hospital, Tsu 514-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mikiko","family":"Nishioka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan"},{"name":"Center of Advanced Reproductive Medicine, Mie University Hospital, Tsu 514-8507, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Hospital, Tsu 514-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Maezawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Advanced Reproductive Medicine, Mie University Hospital, Tsu 514-8507, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Hospital, Tsu 514-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Kitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Advanced Reproductive Medicine, Mie University Hospital, Tsu 514-8507, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Hospital, Tsu 514-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kento","family":"Terada-Yoshikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan"},{"name":"Center of Advanced Reproductive Medicine, Mie University Hospital, Tsu 514-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryota","family":"Tachibana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan"},{"name":"Center of Advanced Reproductive Medicine, Mie University Hospital, Tsu 514-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manabu","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Advanced Reproductive Medicine, Mie University Hospital, Tsu 514-8507, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Nephro-Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suong-hyu","family":"Hyon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BMG Inc., Kyoto 601-8023, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Gen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioVerde Inc., Kyoto 601-8023, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8373-1567","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kayo","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Hospital, Tsu 514-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9372-1808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuniaki","family":"Toriyabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Hospital, Tsu 514-8507, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masafumi","family":"Nii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan"},{"name":"Center of Advanced Reproductive Medicine, Mie University Hospital, Tsu 514-8507, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mie University Hospital, Tsu 514-8507, 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