{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T06:34:02Z","timestamp":1768458842921,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NIH grants R01","award":["AA24726"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA24726"]}]},{"name":"NIH grants R01","award":["AA020703"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA020703"]}]},{"name":"NIH grants U01","award":["AA026939"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA026939"]}]},{"name":"Biomedical Laboratory Research &amp; Development Service of the VA Office of Research and Development","award":["BX004594"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BX004594"]}]},{"name":"Biocodex Microbiota Foundation Grant","award":["B.S."],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B.S."]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alcohol-related liver disease is associated with intestinal dysbiosis. Functional changes in the microbiota affect bile acid metabolism and result in elevated serum bile acids in patients with alcohol-related liver disease. The aim of this study was to identify the potential role of the bile acid sequestrant colesevelam in a humanized mouse model of ethanol-induced liver disease. We colonized germ-free (GF) C57BL\/6 mice with feces from patients with alcoholic hepatitis and subjected humanized mice to the chronic\u2013binge ethanol feeding model. Ethanol-fed gnotobiotic mice treated with colesevelam showed reduced hepatic levels of triglycerides and cholesterol, but liver injury and inflammation were not decreased as compared with non-treated mice. Colesevelam reduced hepatic cytochrome P450, family 7, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 (Cyp7a1) protein expression, although serum bile acids were not lowered. In conclusion, our findings indicate that colesevelam treatment mitigates ethanol-induced liver steatosis in mice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10061496","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]],"date-time":"2021-06-14T10:30:25Z","timestamp":1623666625000},"page":"1496","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Colesevelam Reduces Ethanol-Induced Liver Steatosis in Humanized Gnotobiotic Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Noem\u00ed","family":"Cabr\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Llorente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Conrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Axial Therapeutics, Woburn, MA 01801, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Stern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Axial Therapeutics, Woburn, MA 01801, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dennis","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Axial Therapeutics, Woburn, MA 01801, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Schnabl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA 92161, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.2174\/1574887111666160810101202","article-title":"Epidemiology and Natural History of Alcoholic Liver Disease","volume":"11","author":"Masarone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. 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