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Although nowadays HSCT already offers a curative effect, its implementation is largely limited by the age and frailty of the patient. Moreover, its efficacy in combating the malignancy with graft-versus-tumor effect frequently coexists with undesirable graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). Therefore, it seems that cell-based adoptive immunotherapies may constitute optimal strategies to be successfully incorporated into the standard therapeutic protocols. Thus, modern cell-based immunotherapy may finally represent the long-awaited \u201cmagic bullet\u201d against cancer. However, enhancing the safety and efficacy of this treatment regimen still presents many challenges. In this review, we summarize the up-to-date state of the art concerning the use of CAR-T cells and NK-cell-based immunotherapies in hemato-oncology, identify possible obstacles, and delineate further perspectives.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10061511","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]],"date-time":"2021-06-15T11:00:33Z","timestamp":1623754833000},"page":"1511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The \u201cMagic Bullet\u201d Is Here? Cell-Based Immunotherapies for Hematological Malignancies in the Twilight of the Chemotherapy Era"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Nina","family":"Miazek-Zapala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology of Hearing, World Hearing Center, 05-830 Nadarzyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4344-0191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksander","family":"Slusarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"},{"name":"Department of General, Oncological and Functional Urology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6808-9919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Kusowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Zapala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, Oncological and Functional Urology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-005 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matylda","family":"Kubacz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Winiarska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9078-5168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malgorzata","family":"Bobrowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc1613","article-title":"Immunotherapy and Chemotherapy\u2014A Practical Partnership","volume":"5","author":"Lake","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. 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