{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,10]],"date-time":"2026-05-10T08:52:18Z","timestamp":1778403138969,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":86,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002261","name":"Russian Foundation for Basic Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20-015-00388"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20-015-00388"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003443","name":"Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["\u0410\u0410\u0410\u0410-\u041019-119021290116-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\u0410\u0410\u0410\u0410-\u041019-119021290116-1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003443","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003443","name":"Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["075-00408-21-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["075-00408-21-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003443","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Maternal hyperhomocysteinemia is one of the common complications of pregnancy that causes offspring cognitive deficits during postnatal development. In this study, we investigated the effect of prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia (PHHC) on inflammatory, glial activation, and neuronal cell death markers in the hippocampus of infant rats. Female Wistar rats received L-methionine (0.6 g\/kg b.w.) by oral administration during pregnancy. On postnatal days 5 and 20, the offspring\u2019s hippocampus was removed to perform histological and biochemical studies. After PHHC, the offspring exhibited increased brain interleukin-1\u03b2 and interleukin-6 levels and glial activation, as well as reduced anti-inflammatory interleukin-10 level in the hippocampus. Additionally, the activity of acetylcholinesterase was increased in the hippocampus of the pups. Exposure to PHHC also resulted in the reduced number of neurons and disrupted neuronal ultrastructure. At the same time, no changes in the content and activity of caspase-3 were found in the hippocampus of the pups. In conclusion, our findings support the hypothesis that neuroinflammation and glial activation could be involved in altering the hippocampus cellular composition following PHHC, and these alterations could be associated with cognitive disorders later in life.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10061536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]],"date-time":"2021-06-18T04:10:47Z","timestamp":1623989447000},"page":"1536","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Prenatal Hyperhomocysteinemia Induces Glial Activation and Alters Neuroinflammatory Marker Expression in Infant Rat Hippocampus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2083-629X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasiia D.","family":"Shcherbitskaia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia"},{"name":"I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0601-2358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitrii S.","family":"Vasilev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yulia P.","family":"Milyutina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia L.","family":"Tumanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anastasiia V.","family":"Mikhel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Irina V.","family":"Zalozniaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander V.","family":"Arutjunyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D.O. Ott Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductology, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"179","article-title":"Pinealon protects the rat offspring from prenatal hyperhomocysteinemia","volume":"5","author":"Arutjunyan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2007.00506.x","article-title":"Melatonin prevents gestational hyperhomocysteinemia-associated alterations in neurobehavioral developments in rats","volume":"44","author":"Baydas","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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