{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T22:38:11Z","timestamp":1783118291251,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G0B2315N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G0B2315N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G053217N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G053217N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research Council of KU Leuven","award":["BOF-OT\/14\/064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BOF-OT\/14\/064"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neuroinflammation has been put forward as a mechanism triggering axonal regrowth in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), yet little is known about the underlying cellular and molecular players connecting these two processes. In this study, we provide evidence that MMP2 is an essential factor linking inflammation to axonal regeneration by using an in vivo mouse model of inflammation-induced axonal regeneration in the optic nerve. We show that infiltrating myeloid cells abundantly express MMP2 and that MMP2 deficiency results in reduced long-distance axonal regeneration. However, this phenotype can be rescued by restoring MMP2 expression in myeloid cells via a heterologous bone marrow transplantation. Furthermore, while MMP2 deficiency does not affect the number of infiltrating myeloid cells, it does determine the coordinated expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules. Altogether, in addition to its role in axonal regeneration via resolution of the glial scar, here, we reveal a new mechanism via which MMP2 facilitates axonal regeneration, namely orchestrating the expression of pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules by infiltrating innate immune cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10071672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]],"date-time":"2021-07-02T10:06:34Z","timestamp":1625220394000},"page":"1672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["MMP2 Modulates Inflammatory Response during Axonal Regeneration in the Murine Visual System"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Lien","family":"Andries","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Masin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Salinas-Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha","family":"Zaunz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3116-5153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Claes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Bergmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00e9ronique","family":"Brouwers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evy","family":"Lefevere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Verfaillie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiavash","family":"Movahedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Myeloid Cell Immunology Lab, VIB, Center for Inflammation Research, 1090 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, 1050 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3329-3474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lies","family":"De Groef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0186-1411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lieve","family":"Moons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration Research Group, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"},{"name":"Leuven Brain Institute, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2114","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-9801-x","article-title":"Matrix Metalloproteinases During Axonal Regeneration, a Multifactorial Role from Start to Finish","volume":"54","author":"Andries","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. 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