{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T19:46:58Z","timestamp":1792007218504,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,4]],"date-time":"2021-07-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625356800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI12\/00510"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI12\/00510"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI15\/00582"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI15\/00582"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI18\/00960"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI18\/00960"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CP17\/00114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CP17\/00114"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Societat Catalana de Pneumologia","award":["SOCAP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SOCAP"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007509","name":"Sociedad Espa\u00f1ola de Neumolog\u00eda y Cirug\u00eda Tor\u00e1cica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SEPAR"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SEPAR"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007509","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Fundaci\u00f3n contra la Hipertensi\u00f3n Pulmonar","award":["FCHP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FCHP"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010665","name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Biotrack-IDIBAPS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Biotrack-IDIBAPS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Endothelial dysfunction is central to PAH. In this study, we simultaneously analysed circulating levels of endothelial microvesicles (EMVs) and progenitor cells (PCs) in PAH and in controls, as biomarkers of pulmonary endothelial integrity and evaluated differences among PAH subtypes and as a response to treatment. Methods: Forty-seven controls and 144 patients with PAH (52 idiopathic, 9 heritable, 31 associated with systemic sclerosis, 15 associated with other connective tissue diseases, 20 associated with HIV and 17 associated with portal hypertension) were evaluated. Forty-four patients with scleroderma and 22 with HIV infection, but without PAH, were also studied. Circulating levels of EMVs, total (CD31+CD42b\u2212) and activated (CD31+CD42b\u2212CD62E+), as well as circulating PCs (CD34+CD133+CD45low) were measured by flow cytometry and the EMVs\/PCs ratio was computed. In treatment-na\u00efve patients, measurements were repeated after 3 months of PAH therapy. Results: Patients with PAH showed higher numbers of EMVs and a lower percentage of PCs, compared with healthy controls. The EMV\/PC ratio was increased in PAH patients, and in patients with SSc or HIV without PAH. After starting PAH therapy, individual changes in EMVs and PCs were variable, without significant differences being observed as a group. Conclusion: PAH patients present disturbed vascular homeostasis, reflected in changes in circulating EMV and PC levels, which are not restored with PAH targeted therapy. Combined measurement of circulating EMVs and PCs could be foreseen as a potential biomarker of endothelial dysfunction in PAH.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10071688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,4]],"date-time":"2021-07-04T22:34:36Z","timestamp":1625438076000},"page":"1688","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Circulating Cell Biomarkers in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Relationship with Clinical Heterogeneity and Therapeutic Response"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4334-9790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga","family":"Tura-Ceide","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Cl\u00ednic-Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), 17190 Girona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Cl\u00ednic-Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9ssica","family":"Garcia-Lucio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Cl\u00ednic-Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"del Pozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Cl\u00ednic-Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agust\u00edn Roberto","family":"Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Cl\u00ednic-Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0900-5436","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabet","family":"Ferrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Cl\u00ednic-Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Crespo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Facility, Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego A.","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Chiaradia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Pulmonology Department, Hospital del Mar, Institut Hospital del Mar d\u2019Investigacions M\u00e8diques (IMIM), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen Pilar","family":"Simeon-Aznar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unitat de Malaties Autoimmunes Sist\u00e8miques. Servei de Medicina Interna Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"L\u00f3pez-Meseguer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d\u2019Hebron, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Mart\u00edn-Ontiyuelo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Cl\u00ednic-Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00edctor I.","family":"Peinado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Cl\u00ednic-Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan Albert","family":"Barber\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Hospital Cl\u00ednic-Institut d\u2019Investigacions Biom\u00e8diques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Biomedical Research Networking Centre on Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1801913","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01913-2018","article-title":"Haemodynamic definitions and updated clinical classification of pulmonary hypertension","volume":"53","author":"Simonneau","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. 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