{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T22:35:31Z","timestamp":1793140531370,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]],"date-time":"2021-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a systemic disease caused by Paracoccidioides spp. PCM is endemic in Latin America and most cases are registered in Brazil. This mycosis affects mainly the lungs, but can also spread to other tissues and organs, including the liver. Several approaches have been investigated to improve treatment effectiveness and protection against the disease. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are good antigen delivery vehicles. The present work aims to investigate the use of EVs derived from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis as an immunization tool in a murine model of PCM. For this, male C57BL\/6 were immunized with two doses of EVs plus adjuvant and then infected with P. brasiliensis. EV immunization induced IgM and IgG in vivo and cytokine production by splenocytes ex vivo. Further, immunization with EVs had a positive effect on mice infected with P. brasiliensis, as it induced activated T lymphocytes and NKT cell mobilization to the infected lungs, improved production of proinflammatory cytokines and the histopathological profile, and reduced fungal burden. Therefore, the present study shows a new role for P. brasiliensis EVs in the presence of adjuvant as modulators of the host immune system, suggesting their utility as immunizing agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10071813","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,18]],"date-time":"2021-07-18T21:16:48Z","timestamp":1626643008000},"page":"1813","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Protective Response in Experimental Paracoccidioidomycosis Elicited by Extracellular Vesicles Containing Antigens of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ludmila Matos","family":"Baltazar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Intera\u00e7\u00e3o Microrganismo Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 6627, Antonio Carlos Ave, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela Fior","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Intera\u00e7\u00e3o Microrganismo Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 6627, Antonio Carlos Ave, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gustavo J.","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 6627, Antonio Carlos Ave, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celso Martins","family":"Queiroz-Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 6627, Antonio Carlos Ave, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6747-5233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caio Tavares","family":"Fagundes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Intera\u00e7\u00e3o Microrganismo Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 6627, Antonio Carlos Ave, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Chaves-Ol\u00f3rtegui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 6627, Antonio Carlos Ave, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro Martins","family":"Teixeira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 6627, Antonio Carlos Ave, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7478-5934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele G.","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Intera\u00e7\u00e3o Microrganismo Hospedeiro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biol\u00f3gicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 6627, Antonio Carlos Ave, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1590\/0037-8682-0230-2017","article-title":"Brazilian guidelines for the clinical management of paracoccidioidomycosis","volume":"50","author":"Mendes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rev. 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