{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T16:26:24Z","timestamp":1787934384017,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]],"date-time":"2021-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"INFECT-ERA grant of the European Union ; FWF","award":["FWF-I03321"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FWF-I03321"]}]},{"name":"INFECT-ERA grant of the European Union; BMBF","award":["BMBF 031L0126"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMBF 031L0126"]}]},{"name":"FWF-Doctoral Program-HOROS","award":["W1253"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W1253"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["C04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Christian Doppler Society","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Arginase 1 (ARG1) is a cytosolic enzyme that cleaves L-arginine, the substrate of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and thereby impairs the control of various intracellular pathogens. Herein, we investigated the role of ARG1 during infection with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S.tm). To study the impact of ARG1 on Salmonella infections in vitro, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) from C57BL\/6N wild-type, ARG1-deficient Tie2Cre+\/\u2212ARG1fl\/fl and NRAMPG169 C57BL\/6N mice were infected with S.tm. In wild-type BMDM, ARG1 was induced by S.tm and further upregulated by the addition of interleukin (IL)-4, whereas interferon-\u03b3 had an inhibitory effect. Deletion of ARG1 did not result in a reduction in bacterial numbers. In vivo, Arg1 mRNA was upregulated in the spleen, but not in the liver of C57BL\/6N mice following intraperitoneal S.tm infection. The genetic deletion of ARG1 (Tie2Cre+\/\u2212ARG1fl\/fl) or its pharmacological inhibition with CB-1158 neither affected the numbers of S.tm in spleen, liver and blood nor the expression of host response genes such as iNOS, IL-6 or tumour necrosis factor (TNF). Furthermore, ARG1 was dispensable for pathogen control irrespective of the presence or absence of the phagolysosomal natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (NRAMP1). Thus, unlike the detrimental function of ARG1 seen during infections with other intraphagosomal microorganisms, ARG1 did not support bacterial survival in systemic salmonellosis, indicating differential roles of arginine metabolism for host immune response and microbe persistence depending on the type of pathogen.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10071823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]],"date-time":"2021-07-19T21:39:15Z","timestamp":1626730755000},"page":"1823","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Cytokine-Mediated Regulation of ARG1 in Macrophages and Its Impact on the Control of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Natascha","family":"Brigo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstra\u00dfe 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christa","family":"Pfeifhofer-Obermair","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstra\u00dfe 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0398-6034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Tymoszuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstra\u00dfe 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Egon","family":"Demetz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstra\u00dfe 35, 6020 Innsbruck, 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Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5656-5030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Fischer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstra\u00dfe 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0370-2791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lara","family":"Valente De Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstra\u00dfe 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"},{"name":"Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Verena","family":"Petzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstra\u00dfe 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"von Raffay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstra\u00dfe 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Hilbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstra\u00dfe 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sylvia","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstra\u00dfe 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Seifert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstra\u00dfe 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"},{"name":"Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Schleicher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mikrobiologisches Institut\u2014Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie, und Hygiene, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t (FAU) Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen, Wasserturmstra\u00dfe 3\/5, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"},{"name":"Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Bogdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mikrobiologisches Institut\u2014Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie, und Hygiene, Friedrich-Alexander-Universit\u00e4t (FAU) Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Erlangen, Wasserturmstra\u00dfe 3\/5, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"},{"name":"Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, FAU Erlangen-N\u00fcrnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0709-2158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G\u00fcnter","family":"Weiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstra\u00dfe 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"},{"name":"Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevImmunol.v32.i6.10","article-title":"M1 and M2 Macrophages: Oracles of Health and Disease","volume":"32","author":"Mills","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit. 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