{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T01:36:01Z","timestamp":1791509761948,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI148403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI148403"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI125741"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI125741"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32-GM080202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32-GM080202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>During acute infections, CD8+ T cells form various memory subpopulations to provide long-lasting protection against reinfection. T central memory (TCM), T effector memory (TEM), and long-lived effector (LLE) cells are circulating memory populations with distinct plasticity, migration patterns, and effector functions. Tissue-resident memory (TRM) cells permanently reside in the frontline sites of pathogen entry and provide tissue-specific protection upon reinfection. Here, using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bulk RNA-seq, we examined the different and shared transcriptomes and regulators of TRM cells with other circulating memory populations. Furthermore, we identified heterogeneity within the TRM pool from small intestine and novel transcriptional regulators that may control the phenotypic and functional heterogeneity of TRM cells during acute infection. Our findings provide a resource for future studies to identify novel pathways for enhancing vaccination and immunotherapeutic approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10082143","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]],"date-time":"2021-08-20T08:44:45Z","timestamp":1629449085000},"page":"2143","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Single-Cell Transcriptomics Reveals Core Regulatory Programs That Determine the Heterogeneity of Circulating and Tissue-Resident Memory CD8+ T Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yao","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53213, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8398-2318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jian","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53213, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moujtaba Y.","family":"Kasmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53213, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3902-7652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paytsar","family":"Topchyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53213, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1562-9218","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Weiguo","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Versiti Blood Research Institute, Milwaukee, WI 53213, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"708","article-title":"Two subsets of memory T lymphocytes with distinct homing potentials and effector functions","volume":"401","author":"Sallusto","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. 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