{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:37:46Z","timestamp":1787027866005,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Ricerca Corrente"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Ricerca Corrente"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>COVID-19 presents with a wide range of clinical neurological manifestations. It has been recognized that SARS-CoV-2 infection affects both the central and peripheral nervous system, leading to smell and taste disturbances; acute ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular disease; encephalopathies and seizures; and causes most surviving patients to have long lasting neurological symptoms. Despite this, typical neuropathological features associated with the infection have still not been identified. Studies of post-mortem examinations of the cerebral cortex are obtained with difficulty due to laboratory safety concerns. In addition, they represent cases with different neurological symptoms, age or comorbidities, thus a larger number of brain autoptic data from multiple institutions would be crucial. Histopathological findings described here are aimed to increase the current knowledge on neuropathology of COVID-19 patients. We report post-mortem neuropathological findings of ten COVID-19 patients. A wide range of neuropathological lesions were seen. The cerebral cortex of all patients showed vascular changes, hyperemia of the meninges and perivascular inflammation in the cerebral parenchyma with hypoxic neuronal injury. Perivascular lymphocytic inflammation of predominantly CD8-positive T cells mixed with CD68-positive macrophages, targeting the disrupted vascular wall in the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and pons were seen. Our findings support recent reports highlighting a role of microvascular injury in COVID-19 neurological manifestations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10092262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T21:59:45Z","timestamp":1630447185000},"page":"2262","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Neuropathology and Inflammatory Cell Characterization in 10 Autoptic COVID-19 Brains"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Daniele","family":"Colombo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d\u2014IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8752-2415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Falasca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d\u2014IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Marchioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department, National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d\u2014IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Tammaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NESMOS Dermatology Department, University of Rome \u201cLa Sapienza\u201d, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8850-3072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ganiyat Adenike Ralitsa","family":"Adebanjo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NESMOS Dermatology Department, University of Rome \u201cLa Sapienza\u201d, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1076-2979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Ippolito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Direction, National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d\u2014IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5111-5735","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alimuddin","family":"Zumla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London W1T 7DN, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Piacentini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d\u2014IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biology, University of Rome \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9209-1207","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Nardacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d\u2014IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franca","family":"Del Nonno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases \u201cLazzaro Spallanzani\u201d\u2014IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa578","article-title":"Post-Mortem Findings in Italian Patients with COVID-19\u2014A Descriptive Full Autopsy Study of cases with and without co-morbidities","volume":"222","author":"Falasca","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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