{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T15:40:44Z","timestamp":1789141244506,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]],"date-time":"2021-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001602","name":"Science Foundation Ireland","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17\/CDA\/4708, 16\/RC\/3948"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17\/CDA\/4708, 16\/RC\/3948"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001602","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010665","name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No 766124 and No 884956"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No 766124 and No 884956"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002081","name":"Irish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GOIPD\/2020\/865"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GOIPD\/2020\/865"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002081","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Circulating molecules have potential as biomarkers to support the diagnosis of epilepsy and to assist with differential diagnosis, for example, in conditions resembling epilepsy, such as in psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES). The P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is an important regulator of inflammation and mounting evidence supports its activation in the brain during epilepsy. Whether the P2X7R or P2X7R-dependent signaling molecules can be used as biomarkers of epilepsy has not been reported. P2X7R levels were analyzed by quantitative ELISA using plasma samples from controls and patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) or PNES. Moreover, blood cell P2X7R expression and P2X7R-dependent cytokine signature was measured following status epilepticus in P2X7R-EGFP reporter, wildtype, and P2X7R-knockout mice. P2X7R plasma levels were higher in TLE patients when compared with controls and patients with PNES. Plasma levels of the broad inflammatory marker protein C-Reactive protein (CRP) were similar between the three groups. Using P2X7R-EGFP reporter mice, we identified monocytes as the main blood cell type expressing P2X7R after experimentally evoked seizures. Finally, cytokine array analysis in P2X7R-deficient mice identified KC\/GRO as a potential P2X7R-dependent plasma biomarker following status epilepticus and during epilepsy. Our data suggest that P2X7R signaling components may be a promising subclass of circulating biomarkers to support the diagnosis of epilepsy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10092444","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,16]],"date-time":"2021-09-16T21:38:12Z","timestamp":1631828292000},"page":"2444","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Circulating P2X7 Receptor Signaling Components as Diagnostic Biomarkers for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Conte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aida","family":"Men\u00e9ndez-M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7571-8496","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Hessen, Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstr, 35043 Marburg, Germany"},{"name":"Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe-University Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16 (Haus 95), 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany"},{"name":"LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6500-5273","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hany","family":"El-Naggar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurological Services, Beaumont Hospital, D09 V2N0 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Nicke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Walther Straub Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen, 80336 Munich, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norman","family":"Delanty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurological Services, Beaumont Hospital, D09 V2N0 Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"FutureNeuro, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3989-7471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Rosenow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Hessen, Department of Neurology, Philipps-University Marburg, Baldingerstr, 35043 Marburg, Germany"},{"name":"Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine-Main, Center of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Goethe-University Frankfurt, University Hospital Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16 (Haus 95), 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany"},{"name":"LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER), Goethe-University Frankfurt, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6237-9632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David C.","family":"Henshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland"},{"name":"FutureNeuro, Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Chronic and Rare Neurological Diseases, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, University of Medicine and Health Sciences, D02 YN77 Dublin, 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