{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T02:22:59Z","timestamp":1760235779232,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1632873600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are nowadays one of the major focuses in tumor research since this subpopulation was revealed to be a great obstacle for successful treatment. The identification of CSCs in pediatric solid tumors harbors major challenges because of the immature character of these tumors. Here, we present CD34, CD90, OV-6 and cell-surface vimentin (csVimentin) as reliable markers to identify CSCs in hepatoblastoma cell lines. We were able to identify CSC characteristics for the subset of CD34+CD90+OV-6+csVimentin+-co-expressing cells, such as pluripotency, self-renewal, increased expression of EMT markers and migration. Treatment with Cisplatin as the standard chemotherapeutic drug in hepatoblastoma therapy further revealed the chemo-resistance of this subset, which is a main characteristic of CSCs. When we treated the cells with the Hsp90 inhibitor 17-AAG, we observed a significant reduction in the CSC subset. With our study, we identified CSCs of hepatoblastoma using CD34, CD90, OV-6 and csVimentin. This set of markers could be helpful to estimate the success of novel therapeutic approaches, as resistant CSCs are responsible for tumor relapses.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10102598","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T00:03:42Z","timestamp":1632960222000},"page":"2598","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Co-Expression of CD34, CD90, OV-6 and Cell-Surface Vimentin Defines Cancer Stem Cells of Hepatoblastoma, Which Are Affected by Hsp90 Inhibitor 17-AAG"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Mieun","family":"Lee-Theilen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia R.","family":"Hadhoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulietta","family":"Volante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Delaine D.","family":"Fadini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Eichhorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1268-6092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Udo","family":"Rolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henning C.","family":"Fiegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1097\/MOP.0000000000000046","article-title":"Hepatoblastoma state of the art: Pathology, genetics, risk stratification, and chemotherapy","volume":"26","author":"Czauderna","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. 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