{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T06:09:31Z","timestamp":1774418971937,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects more than 37 million people globally, and in 2020, more than 680,000 people died from HIV-related causes. Recently, these numbers have decrease substantially and continue to reduce thanks to the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART), thus making HIV a chronic disease state for those dependent on lifelong use of ART. However, patients with HIV have an increased risk of developing some type of cancer compared to patients without HIV. Therefore, treatment of patients who are diagnosed with both HIV and cancer represents a complicated scenario because of the risk associated with drug\u2013drug interaction (DDIs) and related toxicity. Selection of an alternative chemotherapy or ART or temporarily discontinuation of ART constitute a strategy to manage the risk of DDIs. Temporarily withholding ART is the less desirable clinical plan but risks and benefits must be considered in each scenario. In this review we focus on the hepatotoxicity associated with a simultaneous treatment with ART and chemotherapeutic drugs and mechanisms behind. Moreover, we also discuss the effect on the liver caused by the association of immunotherapeutic drugs, which have recently been used in clinical trials and also in HIV patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10112871","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]],"date-time":"2021-10-25T21:40:21Z","timestamp":1635198021000},"page":"2871","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Chemotherapy-Induced Hepatotoxicity in HIV Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"Bressan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy"},{"name":"Universit\u00e0 della Svizzera Italiana (USI), 6900 Lugano, Switzerland"},{"name":"Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Pierantoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saman","family":"Sharifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy"},{"name":"Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Facchini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Precision Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, \u201cLuigi Vanvitelli\u201d University of Campania, 81100 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Quagliariello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCSS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9837-9148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Berretta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy"},{"name":"Gruppo Oncologico Ricercatori Italiani, GORI ONLUS, 33170 Pordenone, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6182-4132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Montopoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e31824a0e40","article-title":"Pancreatic cancer in HIV-positive patients: A clinical case-control study","volume":"41","author":"Zanet","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.2174\/157016210791111061","article-title":"Oxaliplatin Based Chemotherapy and Concomitant Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in the Treatment of 24 Patients with Colorectal Cancer and HIV Infection","volume":"8","author":"Berretta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. 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