{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T16:53:08Z","timestamp":1783529588166,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":188,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]],"date-time":"2021-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fonds de la recherche scientifique","award":["1.5097.12 and T.0212.13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1.5097.12 and T.0212.13"]}]},{"name":"AFM t\u00e9l\u00e9thon","award":["H121203009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["H121203009"]}]},{"name":"Belgian Telethon (ABMM)","award":["none"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["none"]}]},{"name":"Excellence Scholarship from the Federation Wallonie-Bruxelles","award":["none"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["none"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Over the last decade, innate immune system receptors and sensors called inflammasomes have been identified to play key pathological roles in the development and progression of numerous diseases. Among them, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD-), leucine-rich repeat (LRR-) and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is probably the best characterized. To date, NLRP3 has been extensively studied in the heart, where its effects and actions have been broadly documented in numerous cardiovascular diseases. However, little is still known about NLRP3 implications in muscle disorders affecting non-cardiac muscles. In this review, we summarize and present the current knowledge regarding the function of NLRP3 in diseased skeletal muscle, and discuss the potential therapeutic options targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome in muscle disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10113023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]],"date-time":"2021-11-04T22:25:54Z","timestamp":1636064754000},"page":"3023","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Walking down Skeletal Muscle Lane: From Inflammasome to Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4258-0579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicolas","family":"Dubuisson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Neuromuscular Reference Center, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6096-3122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romain","family":"Versele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2551-3115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda A.","family":"Davis-L\u00f3pez de Carrizosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium"},{"name":"Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Biolog\u00eda, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Seville, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camille M.","family":"Selvais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia M.","family":"Brichard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel","family":"Abou-Samra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Medical Sector, Universit\u00e9 Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(02)00599-3","article-title":"The Inflammasome: A Molecular Platform Triggering Activation of Inflammatory Caspases and Processing of proIL-Beta","volume":"10","author":"Martinon","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mol. Cell"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2014.08.025","article-title":"Novel Roles for Caspase-8 in IL-1\u03b2 and Inflammasome Regulation","volume":"185","author":"Gurung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1038\/cmi.2016.58","article-title":"Cellular and Molecular Regulation of Innate Inflammatory Responses","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.01.040","article-title":"The Inflammasomes","volume":"140","author":"Schroder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301676","article-title":"Apoptosis-Associated Speck-like Protein Containing a CARD Forms Specks but Does Not Activate Caspase-1 in the Absence of NLRP3 during Macrophage Swelling","volume":"194","author":"Compan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3333","article-title":"NLRP3 Activation and Mitosis Are Mutually Exclusive Events Coordinated by NEK7, a New Inflammasome Component","volume":"17","author":"Shi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.2000.6293","article-title":"Isolation and Characterization of Two Evolutionarily Conserved Murine Kinases (Nek6 and nek7) Related to the Fungal Mitotic Regulator, NIMA","volume":"68","author":"Kandli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"McIlwain, D.R., Berger, T., and Mak, T.W. (2013). Caspase Functions in Cell Death and Disease. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol., 5.","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a008656"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2014.216","article-title":"Old, New and Emerging Functions of Caspases","volume":"22","author":"Shalini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tcb.2021.06.010","article-title":"Cell Biology of Inflammasome Activation","volume":"31","author":"Pandey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2008.00701.x","article-title":"The Interleukin-1 receptor\/Toll-like Receptor Superfamily: 10 Years of Progress","volume":"226","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moreno-Garc\u00eda, L., Miana-Mena, F.J., Moreno-Mart\u00ednez, L., de la Torre, M., Lunetta, C., Tarlarini, C., Zaragoza, P., Calvo, A.C., and Osta, R. (2021). Inflammasome in ALS Skeletal Muscle: As a Potential Biomarker. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22052523"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2008.00624.x","article-title":"IL-1, IL-18, and IL-33 Families of Cytokines","volume":"223","author":"Arend","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.18388\/abp.2015_1153","article-title":"Interleukin 18 (IL-18) as a Target for Immune Intervention","volume":"63","author":"Wawrocki","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Biochim. Pol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.01.003","article-title":"Gasdermin D Flashes an Exit Signal for IL-1","volume":"48","author":"Kuriakose","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15514","article-title":"Cleavage of GSDMD by Inflammatory Caspases Determines Pyroptotic Cell Death","volume":"526","author":"Shi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2015.139","article-title":"Gasdermin D Is an Executor of Pyroptosis and Required for Interleukin-1\u03b2 Secretion","volume":"25","author":"He","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2936","article-title":"Emerging Inflammasome Effector Mechanisms","volume":"11","author":"Lamkanfi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2017.10.002","article-title":"Gasdermin: A New Player to the Inflammasome Game","volume":"40","author":"Morandini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomed. J."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2919","article-title":"The NLRP3 Inflammasome Is Released as a Particulate Danger Signal That Amplifies the Inflammatory Response","volume":"15","author":"Gomez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2913","article-title":"The Adaptor ASC Has Extracellular and \u201cPrionoid\u201d Activities That Propagate Inflammation","volume":"15","author":"Franklin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2016.10.004","article-title":"Pyroptosis: Gasdermin-Mediated Programmed Necrotic Cell Death","volume":"42","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15156","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-94314-1","article-title":"Extracellular NLRP3 Inflammasome Particles Are Internalized by Human Coronary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells and Induce pro-Atherogenic Effects","volume":"11","author":"Gaul","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1960","article-title":"Caspase-1-Induced Pyroptosis Is an Innate Immune Effector Mechanism against Intracellular Bacteria","volume":"11","author":"Miao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.58","article-title":"Inflammasomes: Mechanism of Assembly, Regulation and Signalling","volume":"16","author":"Broz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2529","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1002720","article-title":"Differential Expression of NLRP3 among Hematopoietic Cells","volume":"186","author":"Guarda","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2012.03.001","article-title":"Toll-like Receptor (TLR) and Inflammasome Actions in the Central Nervous System","volume":"33","author":"Hanamsagar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200940185","article-title":"Critical Functions of Priming and Lysosomal Damage for NLRP3 Activation","volume":"40","author":"Hornung","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200002)43:2<336::AID-ANR13>3.0.CO;2-V","article-title":"Decreased Expression of Interleukin-1alpha, Interleukin-1beta, and Cell Adhesion Molecules in Muscle Tissue Following Corticosteroid Treatment in Patients with Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis","volume":"43","author":"Lundberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2891","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.090058","article-title":"Inflammasome up-Regulation and Activation in Dysferlin-Deficient Skeletal Muscle","volume":"176","author":"Rawat","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12286","article-title":"Initiation and Perpetuation of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation and Assembly","volume":"265","author":"Elliott","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2231","article-title":"Sensing and Reacting to Microbes through the Inflammasomes","volume":"13","author":"Franchi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4214","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400582","article-title":"Cytosolic Double-Stranded RNA Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome via MAVS-Induced Membrane Permeabilization and K+ Efflux","volume":"193","author":"Franchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04515","article-title":"Cryopyrin Activates the Inflammasome in Response to Toxins and ATP","volume":"440","author":"Mariathasan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12762","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M806084200","article-title":"NLRP3\/cryopyrin Is Necessary for Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) Release in Response to Hyaluronan, an Endogenous Trigger of Inflammation in Response to Injury","volume":"284","author":"Yamasaki","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1636","article-title":"The NALP3 Inflammasome Is Involved in the Innate Immune Response to Amyloid-Beta","volume":"9","author":"Halle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1156995","article-title":"Innate Immune Activation through Nalp3 Inflammasome Sensing of Asbestos and Silica","volume":"320","author":"Dostert","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2007.05.074","article-title":"The Inflammasome Mediates UVB-Induced Activation and Secretion of Interleukin-1beta by Keratinocytes","volume":"17","author":"Feldmeyer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Biol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1012","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00509.2014","article-title":"Albumin Impairs Renal Tubular Tight Junctions via Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome","volume":"308","author":"Zhuang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Renal Physiol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2022","article-title":"Fatty Acid-Induced NLRP3-ASC Inflammasome Activation Interferes with Insulin Signaling","volume":"12","author":"Wen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04516","article-title":"Gout-Associated Uric Acid Crystals Activate the NALP3 Inflammasome","volume":"440","author":"Martinon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2011.01707.x","article-title":"Inflammasome Activation via Intracellular NLRs Triggered by Bacterial Infection","volume":"14","author":"Koizumi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2019.01.002","article-title":"Dystrophic Mdx Mouse Myoblasts Exhibit Elevated ATP\/UTP-Evoked Metabotropic Purinergic Responses and Alterations in Calcium Signalling","volume":"1865","author":"Oksiejuk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1582-4934.2011.01397.x","article-title":"P2X7 Purinoceptor Alterations in Dystrophic Mdx Mouse Muscles: Relationship to Pathology and Potential Target for Treatment","volume":"16","author":"Young","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cell. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.04.032","article-title":"The TWIK2 Potassium Efflux Channel in Macrophages Mediates NLRP3 Inflammasome-Induced Inflammation","volume":"49","author":"Di","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)36591-2","article-title":"Interleukin-1 Beta Maturation and Release in Response to ATP and Nigericin. Evidence That Potassium Depletion Mediated by These Agents Is a Necessary and Common Feature of Their Activity","volume":"269","author":"Perregaux","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kelley, N., Jeltema, D., Duan, Y., and He, Y. (2019). The NLRP3 Inflammasome: An Overview of Mechanisms of Activation and Regulation. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20133328"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4402195","article-title":"Activation of the NALP3 Inflammasome Is Triggered by Low Intracellular Potassium Concentration","volume":"14","author":"Papin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32926","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M114.579961","article-title":"The Lysosome Rupture-Activated TAK1-JNK Pathway Regulates NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation","volume":"289","author":"Okada","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5230","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301490","article-title":"Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Induces NLRP3-Dependent Lysosomal Damage and Inflammasome Activation","volume":"191","author":"Heid","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2014.11.008","article-title":"Mitochondria: Diversity in the Regulation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome","volume":"21","author":"Gurung","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2011.20","article-title":"Mitochondrial ROS Fuel the Inflammasome","volume":"21","author":"Sorbara","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1831","article-title":"Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein Links Oxidative Stress to Inflammasome Activation","volume":"11","author":"Zhou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramos-Tovar, E., and Muriel, P. (2020). Molecular Mechanisms That Link Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Fibrosis in the Liver. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9121279"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3207","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.29268","article-title":"Emerging Insights into Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Pyroptosis and Functions of Inflammasomes in Diseases","volume":"235","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6329","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.12.6329","article-title":"Cutting Edge: CIAS1\/cryopyrin\/PYPAF1\/NALP3\/CATERPILLER 1.1 Is an Inducible Inflammatory Mediator with NF-Kappa B Suppressive Properties","volume":"171","author":"Harton","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0548-1","article-title":"Apolipoprotein C3 Induces Inflammation and Organ Damage by Alternative Inflammasome Activation","volume":"21","author":"Zewinger","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2873","article-title":"Sterile Inflammation: Sensing and Reacting to Damage","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1038\/ng756","article-title":"Mutation of a New Gene Encoding a Putative Pyrin-like Protein Causes Familial Cold Autoinflammatory Syndrome and Muckle-Wells Syndrome","volume":"29","author":"Hoffman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107810","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2021.107810","article-title":"Study of the Correlation between the Noncanonical Pathway of Pyroptosis and Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy","volume":"98","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1240248","article-title":"Noncanonical Inflammasome Activation by Intracellular LPS Independent of TLR4","volume":"341","author":"Kayagaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1240988","article-title":"Cytoplasmic LPS Activates Caspase-11: Implications in TLR4-Independent Endotoxic Shock","volume":"341","author":"Hagar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1215-1292a","article-title":"Corrigendum: The Receptor NLRP3 Is a Transcriptional Regulator of TH2 Differentiation","volume":"16","author":"Bruchard","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2014-206074","article-title":"AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Suppresses Urate Crystal-Induced Inflammation and Transduces Colchicine Effects in Macrophages","volume":"75","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15811","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4088-10.2010","article-title":"The Inflammasome Sensor, NLRP3, Regulates CNS Inflammation and Demyelination via Caspase-1 and Interleukin-18","volume":"30","author":"Jha","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_66","first-page":"15","article-title":"Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases: Current Perspectives","volume":"8","author":"Ozaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4388","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI90897","article-title":"NLRP3 Tyrosine Phosphorylation Is Controlled by Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase PTPN22","volume":"126","author":"Spalinger","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1217141","article-title":"GBP5 Promotes NLRP3 Inflammasome Assembly and Immunity in Mammals","volume":"336","author":"Shenoy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11290","article-title":"Novel Role of PKR in Inflammasome Activation and HMGB1 Release","volume":"488","author":"Lu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2017.03.028","article-title":"PKR Induces the Expression of NLRP3 by Regulating the NF-\u03baB Pathway in Porphyromonas Gingivalis-Infected Osteoblasts","volume":"354","author":"Yoshida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04581-2","article-title":"Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Is Required for NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation","volume":"9","author":"Lang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, X., Thome, S., Ma, X., Amrute-Nayak, M., Finigan, A., Kitt, L., Masters, L., James, J.R., Shi, Y., and Meng, G. (2017). MARK4 Regulates NLRP3 Positioning and Inflammasome Activation through a Microtubule-Dependent Mechanism. Nat. Commun., 8.","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15986"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1038\/ni1459","article-title":"A Crucial Function of SGT1 and HSP90 in Inflammasome Activity Links Mammalian and Plant Innate Immune Responses","volume":"8","author":"Mayor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6720","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25123-2","article-title":"Hsp90 Inhibition as a Means to Inhibit Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome","volume":"8","author":"Piippo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.07.018","article-title":"The PYRIN Domain-Only Protein POP1 Inhibits Inflammasome Assembly and Ameliorates Inflammatory Disease","volume":"43","author":"Khare","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40536","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.274290","article-title":"Uncoupling of Pyrin-Only Protein 2 (POP2)-Mediated Dual Regulation of NF-\u03baB and the Inflammasome","volume":"286","author":"Atianand","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ratsimandresy, R.A., Chu, L.H., Khare, S., de Almeida, L., Gangopadhyay, A., Indramohan, M., Misharin, A.V., Greaves, D.R., Perlman, H., and Dorfleutner, A. (2017). The PYRIN Domain-Only Protein POP2 Inhibits Inflammasome Priming and Activation. Nat. Commun., 8.","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15556"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1038\/nsmb.3199","article-title":"Molecular Basis of Caspase-1 Polymerization and Its Inhibition by a New Capping Mechanism","volume":"23","author":"Lu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-016-0449-5","article-title":"Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome Is Associated with Valosin-Containing Protein Myopathy","volume":"40","author":"Nalbandian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boursereau, R., Abou-Samra, M., Lecompte, S., Noel, L., and Brichard, S.M. (2018). Downregulation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome by Adiponectin Rescues Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. BMC Biol., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12915-018-0501-z"},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2487","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-017-2465-5","article-title":"Skeletal Muscle Secretome in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy: A Pivotal Anti-Inflammatory Role of Adiponectin","volume":"74","author":"Lecompte","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12531","article-title":"AdipoRon, a New Therapeutic Prospect for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy","volume":"11","author":"Selvais","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2017.02.035","article-title":"Innate Immune Receptors in Skeletal Muscle Metabolism","volume":"360","author":"Pillon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Cell Res."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2009.05.002","article-title":"An Essential Role for the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Host Defense against the Human Fungal Pathogen Candida Albicans","volume":"5","author":"Hise","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2010.02.012","article-title":"Control of Intestinal Homeostasis, Colitis, and Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer by the Inflammatory Caspases","volume":"32","author":"Yeretssian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.3HI0715-321R","article-title":"The Inflammasome NLRP3 Plays a Protective Role against a Viral Immunopathological Lesion","volume":"99","author":"Gimenez","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1080\/02713683.2019.1584321","article-title":"Pannexin 1 Channels Contribute to IL-1\u03b2 Expression via NLRP3\/Caspase-1 Inflammasome in Keratitis","volume":"44","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr. Eye Res."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yanai, H., Adachi, H., Hakoshima, M., and Katsuyama, H. (2021). Molecular Biological and Clinical Understanding of the Pathophysiology and Treatments of Hyperuricemia and Its Association with Metabolic Syndrome, Cardiovascular Diseases and Chronic Kidney Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179221"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jorquera, G., Russell, J., Monsalves-\u00c1lvarez, M., Cruz, G., Valladares-Ide, D., Basualto-Alarc\u00f3n, C., Barrientos, G., Estrada, M., and Llanos, P. (2021). NLRP3 Inflammasome: Potential Role in Obesity Related Low-Grade Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22063254"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2279","article-title":"The NLRP3 Inflammasome Instigates Obesity-Induced Inflammation and Insulin Resistance","volume":"17","author":"Vandanmagsar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-071816-064836","article-title":"Fatty Acids and NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Inflammation in Metabolic Tissues","volume":"37","author":"Ralston","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12285","article-title":"NLRP3 at the Interface of Metabolism and Inflammation","volume":"265","author":"Haneklaus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3015","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI28898","article-title":"TLR4 Links Innate Immunity and Fatty Acid-Induced Insulin Resistance","volume":"116","author":"Shi","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20190472","article-title":"The NLRP3 Inflammasome Regulates Adipose Tissue Metabolism","volume":"477","author":"Barra","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-1403","article-title":"Changes in Gut Microbiota Control Metabolic Endotoxemia-Induced Inflammation in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Diabetes in Mice","volume":"57","author":"Cani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Field, B.C., Gordillo, R., and Scherer, P.E. (2020). The Role of Ceramides in Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease Regulation of Ceramides by Adipokines. Front. Endocrinol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.569250"},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3804","article-title":"The Ketone Metabolite \u03b2-Hydroxybutyrate Blocks NLRP3 Inflammasome-Mediated Inflammatory Disease","volume":"21","author":"Youm","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI29069","article-title":"Inflammation and Insulin Resistance","volume":"116","author":"Shoelson","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hull, C., Dekeryte, R., Buchanan, H., Kamli-Salino, S., Robertson, A., Delibegovic, M., and Platt, B. (2020). NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibition with MCC950 Improves Insulin Sensitivity and Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Frontotemporal Dementia. Neuropharmacology, 180.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2020.108305"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, Y., Qian, Q., and Yu, J. (2019). Carbenoxolone Ameliorates Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Mice Induced by High Fat Diet via Regulating the I\u03baB-\u03b1\/NF-\u03baB Pathway and NLRP3 Inflammasome. Biomed. Pharmacother., 115.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.108868"},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2015.2276","article-title":"PLIN2 Inhibits Insulin-Induced Glucose Uptake in Myoblasts through the Activation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome","volume":"36","author":"Cho","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2015.07.014","article-title":"Lipidomic Evidence That Lowering the Typical Dietary Palmitate to Oleate Ratio in Humans Decreases the Leukocyte Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Muscle Expression of Redox-Sensitive Genes","volume":"26","author":"Kien","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Nutr. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2636","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31138-9","article-title":"Sarcopenia","volume":"393","author":"Sayer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s41232-016-0022-5","article-title":"Age-Related Sarcopenia and Its Pathophysiological Bases","volume":"36","author":"Ogawa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Inflamm. Regen."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abdul-Ghani, M.A., and DeFronzo, R.A. (2010). Pathogenesis of Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle. J. Biomed. Biotechnol., 2010.","DOI":"10.1155\/2010\/476279"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e32833781b5","article-title":"Anabolic and Catabolic Pathways Regulating Skeletal Muscle Mass","volume":"13","author":"McCarthy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12363","article-title":"Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Sarcopenia: The S100B Perspective","volume":"9","author":"Riuzzi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Salminen, A., Hyttinen, J.M.T., Kauppinen, A., and Kaarniranta, K. (2012). Context-Dependent Regulation of Autophagy by IKK-NF-\u03baB Signaling: Impact on the Aging Process. Int. J. Cell Biol., 2012.","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/849541"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yuk, J.-M., Silwal, P., and Jo, E.-K. (2020). Inflammasome and Mitophagy Connection in Health and Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21134714"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fan, J., Kou, X., Yang, Y., and Chen, N. (2016). MicroRNA-Regulated Proinflammatory Cytokines in Sarcopenia. Mediat. Inflamm., 2016.","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1438686"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-018-0059-4","article-title":"Inflammaging: A New Immune-Metabolic Viewpoint for Age-Related Diseases","volume":"14","author":"Franceschi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2017.10.009","article-title":"AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Regulation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome during Aging","volume":"29","author":"Cordero","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.09.010","article-title":"Canonical Nlrp3 Inflammasome Links Systemic Low-Grade Inflammation to Functional Decline in Aging","volume":"18","author":"Youm","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E222","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00060.2017","article-title":"The NLRP3 Inflammasome Contributes to Sarcopenia and Lower Muscle Glycolytic Potential in Old Mice","volume":"313","author":"McBride","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glz079","article-title":"Lack of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Reduces Age-Dependent Sarcopenia and Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Favoring the Prophylactic Effect of Melatonin","volume":"74","author":"Sayed","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2018.1487927","article-title":"Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Melatonin: A Mechanistic Review","volume":"59","author":"Nabavi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/gly059","article-title":"The Protective Effect of Melatonin Against Age-Associated, Sarcopenia-Dependent Tubular Aggregate Formation, Lactate Depletion, and Mitochondrial Changes","volume":"73","author":"Sayed","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. Ser. A"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sayed, R.K., Fern\u00e1ndez-Ortiz, M., Fern\u00e1ndez-Mart\u00ednez, J., Aranda Mart\u00ednez, P., Guerra-Librero, A., Rodr\u00edguez-Santana, C., de Haro, T., Escames, G., Acu\u00f1a-Castroviejo, D., and Rusanova, I. (2021). The Impact of Melatonin and NLRP3 Inflammasome on the Expression of microRNAs in Aged Muscle. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10040524"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2013.70","article-title":"Therapeutic Angiogenesis for Critical Limb Ischaemia","volume":"10","author":"Annex","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2014.01.020","article-title":"Hind Limb Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Diet-Induced Obese Mice","volume":"190","author":"Albadawi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elshaer, S., Mohamed, I., Coucha, M., Altantawi, S., Eldahshan, W., Bartasi, M., Shanab, A., Lorys, R., and El-Remessy, A. (2017). Deletion of TXNIP Mitigates High-Fat Diet-Impaired Angiogenesis and Prevents Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Critical Limb Ischemia. Antioxidants, 6.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox6030047"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6728","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.42259","article-title":"Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Prevent Pyroptosis and Repair Ischemic Muscle Injury through a Novel exosome\/circHIPK3\/ FOXO3a Pathway","volume":"10","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2014.04.043","article-title":"Heme Oxygenase-1 Drives Metaflammation and Insulin Resistance in Mouse and Man","volume":"158","author":"Jais","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.121.315805","article-title":"Heme Oxygenase-1 in Macrophages Impairs the Perfusion Recovery After Hindlimb Ischemia by Suppressing Autolysosome-Dependent Degradation of NLRP3","volume":"41","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.278481","article-title":"Acute Skeletal Muscle Wasting in Critical Illness","volume":"310","author":"Puthucheary","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-014-3224-9","article-title":"Dynamics of Myosin Degradation in Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Weakness during Severe Critical Illness","volume":"40","author":"Wollersheim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Valentine, R.J., Jefferson, M.A., Kohut, M.L., and Eo, H. (2018). Imoxin Attenuates LPS-Induced Inflammation and MuRF1 Expression in Mouse Skeletal Muscle. Physiol Rep., 6.","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13941"},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.02.021","article-title":"Triptolide Attenuates Pressure Overload-Induced Myocardial Remodeling in Mice via the Inhibition of NLRP3 Inflammasome Expression","volume":"485","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2998","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15472","article-title":"Triptolide Prevents LPS-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy via Inhibiting NF-\u03baB\/TNF-\u03b1 and Regulating Protein Synthesis\/degradation Pathway","volume":"178","author":"Fang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1530","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1716095115","article-title":"OLT1177, a \u03b2-Sulfonyl Nitrile Compound, Safe in Humans, Inhibits the NLRP3 Inflammasome and Reverses the Metabolic Cost of Inflammation","volume":"115","author":"Marchetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s40635-016-0115-0","article-title":"Deletion of Nlrp3 Protects from Inflammation-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy","volume":"5","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med. Exp."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy170","article-title":"Effects of 3-Hydroxybutyrate and Free Fatty Acids on Muscle Protein Kinetics and Signaling during LPS-Induced Inflammation in Humans: Anticatabolic Impact of Ketone Bodies","volume":"108","author":"Thomsen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-020-0669-6","article-title":"FDA-Approved Disulfiram Inhibits Pyroptosis by Blocking Gasdermin D Pore Formation","volume":"21","author":"Hu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Jamett, A.M., Bevilacqua, J.A., and D\u00edaz, A.M.C. (2018). Hereditary Myopathies. Muscle Cell and Tissue\u2014Current Status of Research Field, BoD\u2014Books on Demand.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.76076"},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chang, L., Niu, F., Chen, J., Cao, X., Liu, Z., Bao, X., and Xu, Y. (2019). Ghrelin Improves Muscle Function in Dystrophin-Deficient Mdx Mice by Inhibiting NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. Life Sci., 232.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2019.116654"},{"key":"ref_136","first-page":"84","article-title":"LGMD2B (dysferlin deficiency)","volume":"35","author":"Aoki","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ryoikibetsu Shokogun Shirizu"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sun, X., and Qiu, H. (2020). Valosin-Containing Protein, a Calcium-Associated ATPase Protein, in Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondrial Function and Its Implications for Diseases. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21113842"},{"key":"ref_138","first-page":"25","article-title":"Involvement of Adiponectin in the Pathogenesis of Dystrophinopathy. Skelet","volume":"5","author":"Lecompte","year":"2015","journal-title":"Muscle"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boursereau, R., Abou-Samra, M., Lecompte, S., Noel, L., and Brichard, S.M. (2017). New Targets to Alleviate Skeletal Muscle Inflammation: Role of microRNAs Regulated by Adiponectin. Sci. Rep., 7.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep43437"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dong, X., Hui, T., Chen, J., Yu, Z., Ren, D., Zou, S., Wang, S., Fei, E., Jiao, H., and Lai, X. (2021). Metformin Increases Sarcolemma Integrity and Ameliorates Neuromuscular Deficits in a Murine Model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Front. Physiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.642908"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C66","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00357.2013","article-title":"Resveratrol Induces Expression of the Slow, Oxidative Phenotype in Mdx Mouse Muscle Together with Enhanced Activity of the SIRT1-PGC-1\u03b1 Axis","volume":"307","author":"Ljubicic","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bastin, J., and Djouadi, F. (2016). Resveratrol and Myopathy. Nutrients, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8050254"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2018.02.010","article-title":"The Role of AMPK in Neuromuscular Biology and Disease","volume":"29","author":"Dial","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e328365b9be","article-title":"Ghrelin: Much More than a Hunger Hormone","volume":"16","author":"Pradhan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/S1016-8478(23)17614-X","article-title":"Curcumin Alleviates Dystrophic Muscle Pathology in Mdx Mice","volume":"25","author":"Pan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol. Cells"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nmd.2021.07.113","article-title":"DMD\u2014ANIMAL MODELS: EP. 88 Inflammasome Inhibitors for the Treatment of Muscular Dystrophies","volume":"31","author":"Dubuisson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuromuscul. Disord."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc1506827","article-title":"Inflammatory Muscle Diseases","volume":"373","author":"Dalakas","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2013-205127","article-title":"Prevalence and Clinical Characteristics of Adult Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis; Data from a Large and Unselected Norwegian Cohort","volume":"74","author":"Dobloug","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e3283319265","article-title":"Nonimmune Mechanisms of Muscle Damage in Myositis: Role of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response and Autophagy in the Disease Pathogenesis","volume":"21","author":"Nagaraju","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keaa473","article-title":"PKM2-Dependent Glycolysis Promotes Skeletal Muscle Cell Pyroptosis by Activating the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Dermatomyositis\/polymyositis","volume":"60","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2020.8716","article-title":"Comparison of Rapamycin and Methylprednisolone for Treating Inflammatory Muscle Disease in a Murine Model of Experimental Autoimmune Myositis","volume":"20","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exp. Ther. Med."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2006.03180.x","article-title":"Interleukin-18 Overexpression as a Hallmark of the Activity of Autoimmune Inflammatory Myopathies","volume":"146","author":"Tucci","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.4103\/0366-6999.180528","article-title":"Increased Expression of the NOD-like Receptor Family, Pyrin Domain Containing 3 Inflammasome in Dermatomyositis and Polymyositis Is a Potential Contributor to Their Pathogenesis","volume":"129","author":"Yin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chin. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker379","article-title":"Genetic Association Study of NF-\u03baB Genes in UK Caucasian Adult and Juvenile Onset Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy","volume":"51","author":"Chinoy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-017-3794-3","article-title":"Multiple Values of F-FDG PET\/CT in Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathy","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xie, M., Yu, Y., Kang, R., Zhu, S., Yang, L., Zeng, L., Sun, X., Yang, M., Billiar, T.R., and Wang, H. (2016). PKM2-Dependent Glycolysis Promotes NLRP3 and AIM2 Inflammasome Activation. Nat. Commun., 7.","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms13280"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"888","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-013-9489-x","article-title":"Immune-Mediated Mechanisms in the Pathoprogression of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis","volume":"8","author":"Zhao","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmune Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1111\/bpa.12467","article-title":"Neurodegeneration and NLRP3 Inflammasome Expression in the Anterior Thalamus of SOD1(G93A) ALS Mice","volume":"28","author":"Debye","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain Pathol."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8429","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-0322-4","article-title":"Administration of 17\u03b2-Estradiol Improves Motoneuron Survival and Down-Regulates Inflammasome Activation in Male SOD1(G93A) ALS Mice","volume":"54","author":"Heitzer","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.11.022","article-title":"In-Situ Expression of Interleukin-18 and Associated Mediators in the Human Brain of sALS Patients: Hypothesis for a Role for Immune-Inflammatory Mechanisms","volume":"86","author":"Kadhim","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. Hypotheses"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jensen, L., J\u00f8rgensen, L.H., Bech, R.D., Frandsen, U., and Schr\u00f8der, H.D. (2016). Skeletal Muscle Remodelling as a Function of Disease Progression in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. BioMed Res. Int., 2016.","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/5930621"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1111\/nan.12483","article-title":"Expression Profile of Pattern Recognition Receptors in Skeletal Muscle of SOD1 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Mice and Sporadic ALS Patients","volume":"44","author":"Lehmann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.28.886","article-title":"Tissue-Specific mRNA Expression Profiles of Human Toll-like Receptors and Related Genes","volume":"28","author":"Nishimura","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biol. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dupuis, L., Gonzalez de Aguilar, J.-L., Echaniz-Laguna, A., Eschbach, J., Rene, F., Oudart, H., Halter, B., Huze, C., Schaeffer, L., and Bouillaud, F. (2009). Muscle Mitochondrial Uncoupling Dismantles Neuromuscular Junction and Triggers Distal Degeneration of Motor Neurons. PLoS ONE, 4.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005390"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boyer, J.G., Ferrier, A., and Kothary, R. (2013). More than a Bystander: The Contributions of Intrinsic Skeletal Muscle Defects in Motor Neuron Diseases. Front. Physiol., 4.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2013.00356"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15276","article-title":"What Skeletal Muscle Has to Say in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Implications for Therapy","volume":"178","author":"Manzano","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20180086","article-title":"NLRP3 Regulates Macrophage M2 Polarization through up-Regulation of IL-4 in Asthma","volume":"475","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(03)00319-2","article-title":"IL-4 Acts as a Myoblast Recruitment Factor during Mammalian Muscle Growth","volume":"113","author":"Horsley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23728","article-title":"The Microglial NLRP3 Inflammasome Is Activated by Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Proteins","volume":"68","author":"Deora","year":"2020","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16019","DOI":"10.1038\/cddiscovery.2016.19","article-title":"Questions and Controversies in Innate Immune Research: What Is the Physiological Role of NLRP3?","volume":"2","author":"Coll","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.515080","article-title":"3,4-Methylenedioxy-\u03b2-Nitrostyrene Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation by Blocking Assembly of the Inflammasome","volume":"289","author":"He","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3219","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20171419","article-title":"Identification of a Selective and Direct NLRP3 Inhibitor to Treat Inflammatory Disorders","volume":"214","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-019-0277-7","article-title":"MCC950 Directly Targets the NLRP3 ATP-Hydrolysis Motif for Inflammasome Inhibition","volume":"15","author":"Coll","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8041","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0611496104","article-title":"Cryopyrin\/NALP3 Binds ATP\/dATP, Is an ATPase, and Requires ATP Binding to Mediate Inflammatory Signaling","volume":"104","author":"Duncan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang, Y., Jiang, H., Chen, Y., Wang, X., Yang, Y., Tao, J., Deng, X., Liang, G., Zhang, H., and Jiang, W. (2018). Tranilast Directly Targets NLRP3 to Treat Inflammasome-Driven Diseases. EMBO Mol. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201708689"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2550","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04947-6","article-title":"Oridonin Is a Covalent NLRP3 Inhibitor with Strong Anti-Inflammasome Activity","volume":"9","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107358","article-title":"NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibitor INF39 Attenuated NLRP3 Assembly in Macrophages","volume":"92","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2009.05.005","article-title":"Inflammasome-Mediated Disease Animal Models Reveal Roles for Innate but Not Adaptive Immunity","volume":"30","author":"Brydges","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3806","article-title":"A Small-Molecule Inhibitor of the NLRP3 Inflammasome for the Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases","volume":"21","author":"Coll","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2017.12.021","article-title":"The P2X7 Receptor: A Main Player in Inflammation","volume":"151","author":"Adinolfi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, J., Tian, G., Quan, Y., Li, J., Wang, X., Wu, W., Li, M., and Liu, X. (2020). Inhibition of P2X7 Purinergic Receptor Ameliorates Cardiac Fibrosis by Suppressing NLRP3\/IL-1\u03b2 Pathway. Oxid. Med. Cell. Longev., 2020.","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7956274"},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200903124","article-title":"Glyburide Inhibits the Cryopyrin\/Nalp3 Inflammasome","volume":"187","author":"Lamkanfi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3863","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.15-273656","article-title":"Disruption of the NF-\u03baB\/NLRP3 Connection by Melatonin Requires Retinoid-Related Orphan Receptor-\u03b1 and Blocks the Septic Response in Mice","volume":"29","author":"Volt","year":"2015","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1007\/s10787-018-0466-0","article-title":"Curcumin Ameliorates Palmitate-Induced Inflammation in Skeletal Muscle Cells by Regulating JNK\/NF-kB Pathway and ROS Production","volume":"26","author":"Sadeghi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inflammopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2011.02.043","article-title":"Shikonin Extracted from Medicinal Chinese Herbs Exerts Anti-Inflammatory Effect via Proteasome Inhibition","volume":"658","author":"Lu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2016.07.768","article-title":"Arterial Effects of Canakinumab in Patients with Atherosclerosis and Type 2 Diabetes or Glucose Intolerance","volume":"68","author":"Choudhury","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X19859072","article-title":"A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Canakinumab in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease","volume":"24","author":"Russell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vasc. Med."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3989","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy702","article-title":"CANTOS: One Year on: When the Findings of the CANTOS Trial Were Unveiled at ESC Congress 2017 in Barcelona, There Was a Sense of Hope That a New Era in Preventive Cardiology Was Set to Begin. One Year On, CANTOS Principle Investigator and Study Author Paul M. Ridker Discusses Whether That Optimism Is Being Realized","volume":"39","author":"Nicholls","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/10\/11\/3023\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T07:25:58Z","timestamp":1760167558000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/10\/11\/3023"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]]},"references-count":188,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]}},"alternative-id":["cells10113023"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells10113023","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,4]]}}}