{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T10:09:58Z","timestamp":1790676598929,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]],"date-time":"2021-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1636502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015\/26818-5"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015\/26818-5"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/12140-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/12140-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\/08346-0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/08346-0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Institute of Science and Technology in Stem Cells and Cell Therapy (INCT)","award":["2014\/50947-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/50947-7"]}]},{"name":"Research Innovation and Dissemination Centers (CEPID)","award":["2013\/08135-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013\/08135-2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Turner syndrome (TS) is a genetic disorder in females with X Chromosome monosomy associated with highly variable clinical features, including premature primary gonadal failure leading to ovarian dysfunction and infertility. The mechanism of development of primordial germ cells (PGCs) and their connection with ovarian failure in TS is poorly understood. An in vitro model of PGCs from TS would be beneficial for investigating genetic and epigenetic factors that influence germ cell specification. Here we investigated the potential of reprogramming peripheral mononuclear blood cells from TS women (PBMCs-TS) into iPSCs following in vitro differentiation in hPGCLCs. All hiPSCs-TS lines demonstrated pluripotency state and were capable of differentiation into three embryonic layers (ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm). The PGCLCs-TS recapitulated the initial germline development period regarding transcripts and protein marks, including the epigenetic profile. Overall, our results highlighted the feasibility of producing in vitro models to help the understanding of the mechanisms associated with germ cell formation in TS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10113099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,9]],"date-time":"2021-11-09T21:39:07Z","timestamp":1636493947000},"page":"3099","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Generation of Primordial Germ Cell-like Cells from iPSCs Derived from Turner Syndrome Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Aline Fernanda","family":"de Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College (OVC), University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9862-5874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiana Fernandes","family":"Bressan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6800-6025","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naira Caroline Godoy","family":"Pieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2796-6062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramon Cesar","family":"Botigelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences (IBB), S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamas","family":"Revay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Alberta Children\u2019s Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone Kashima","family":"Haddad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14051-060, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dimas Tadeu","family":"Covas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cell-Based Therapy, Regional Blood Center of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14051-060, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7253-2143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ester Silveira","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Willian Allan","family":"King","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College (OVC), University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0372-4920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Flavio Vieira","family":"Meirelles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"171","article-title":"Karyotypic Variables in Turner Syndrome: A Case Series","volume":"3","author":"Muntaj","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. 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