{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T15:49:18Z","timestamp":1788191358553,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]],"date-time":"2021-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>(1) Background: Ocular exposure to intense light or long-time exposure to low-intensity short-wavelength lights may cause eye injury. Excessive levels of blue light induce photochemical damage to the retinal pigment and degeneration of photoreceptors of the outer segments. Currently, people spend a lot of time watching LED screens that emit high proportions of blue light. This study aims to assess the effects of light emitted by LED tablet screens on pigmented rat retinas with and without optical filters. (2) Methods: Commercially available tablets were used for exposure experiments on three groups of rats. One was exposed to tablet screens, the other was exposed to the tablet screens with a selective filter and the other was a control group. Structure, gene expression (including life\/death, extracellular matrix degradation, growth factors, and oxidative stress related genes), and immunohistochemistry in the retina were compared among groups. (3) Results: There was a reduction of the thickness of the external nuclear layer and changes in the genes involved in cell survival and death, extracellular matrix turnover, growth factors, inflammation, and oxidative stress, leading decrease in cell density and retinal damage in the first group. Modulation of gene changes was observed when the LED light of screens was modified with an optical filter. (4) Conclusions: The use of short-wavelength selective filters on the screens contribute to reduce LED light-induced damage in the rat retina.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10113248","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,21]],"date-time":"2021-11-21T20:58:21Z","timestamp":1637528301000},"page":"3248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Retinal Protection from LED-Backlit Screen Lights by Short Wavelength Absorption Filters"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3841-6514","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Celia","family":"Sanchez-Ramos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Neuro-Computaci\u00f3n y Neuro-Rob\u00f3tica, Facultad de \u00d3ptica y Optometr\u00eda, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4735-2535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Bonnin-Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Neuro-Computaci\u00f3n y Neuro-Rob\u00f3tica, Facultad de \u00d3ptica y Optometr\u00eda, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7127-4688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vanesa","family":"Bl\u00e1zquez-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Neuro-Computaci\u00f3n y Neuro-Rob\u00f3tica, Facultad de \u00d3ptica y Optometr\u00eda, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Aguirre-Vilacoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Neuro-Computaci\u00f3n y Neuro-Rob\u00f3tica, Facultad de \u00d3ptica y Optometr\u00eda, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Cobo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cirug\u00eda y Especialidades M\u00e9dico-Quir\u00fargicas, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olivia","family":"Garc\u00eda-Suarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo SINPOS, Departamento de Morfolog\u00eda y Biolog\u00eda Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7000-8759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Jes\u00fas","family":"Perez-Carrasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de \u00d3ptica II: Optometr\u00eda y Visi\u00f3n, Facultad de \u00d3ptica y Optometr\u00eda, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28037 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1097-4581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Alvarez-Peregrina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, 28670 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1276-0018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo SINPOS, Departamento de Morfolog\u00eda y Biolog\u00eda Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain"},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chile, Santiago 7500912, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"450","article-title":"Retinal damage by light in rats","volume":"5","author":"Noell","year":"1966","journal-title":"Investig. 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