{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T13:39:47Z","timestamp":1791725987661,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":165,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]],"date-time":"2021-11-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637625600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fondo integrativo Speciale per la Ricerca Covid-19, Ministero dell'Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","award":["FISR2020IP_02959"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FISR2020IP_02959"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been proposed as a potential therapy to treat congenital and acquired lung diseases. Due to their tissue-regenerative, anti-fibrotic, and immunomodulatory properties, MSCs combined with other therapy or alone could be considered as a new approach for repair and regeneration of the lung during disease progression and\/or after post- surgical injury. Children interstitial lung disease (chILD) represent highly heterogeneous rare respiratory diseases, with a wild range of age of onset and disease expression. The chILD is characterized by inflammatory and fibrotic changes of the pulmonary parenchyma, leading to gas exchange impairment and chronic respiratory failure associated with high morbidity and mortality. The therapeutic strategy is mainly based on the use of corticosteroids, hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, and supportive care; however, the efficacy is variable, and their long-term use is associated with severe toxicity. The role of MSCs as treatment has been proposed in clinical and pre-clinical studies. In this narrative review, we report on the currently available on MSCs treatment as therapeutical strategy in chILD. The progress into the therapy of respiratory disease in children is mandatory to ameliorate the prognosis and to prevent the progression in adult age. Cell therapy may be a future therapy from both a pediatric and pediatric surgeon\u2019s point of view.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10123270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,24]],"date-time":"2021-11-24T02:46:08Z","timestamp":1637721968000},"page":"3270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for the Treatment of Interstitial Lung Disease in Children: A Look from Pediatric and Pediatric Surgeon Viewpoints"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Gloria","family":"Pelizzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Surgery Department, Children\u2019s Hospital \u201cVittore Buzzi\u201d, 20154 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences-L. Sacco, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serena","family":"Silvestro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi \u201cBonino-Pulejo\u201d, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6056-9018","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Antonietta","family":"Avanzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cell Factory, Pediatric Hematology Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2795-9874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianvincenzo","family":"Zuccotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences-L. Sacco, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital \u201cVittore Buzzi\u201d, 20154 Milano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Mazzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Centro Neurolesi \u201cBonino-Pulejo\u201d, Via Provinciale Palermo, Contrada Casazza, 98124 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2137-5974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valeria","family":"Calcaterra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Children\u2019s Hospital \u201cVittore Buzzi\u201d, 20154 Milano, Italy"},{"name":"Pediatrics and Adolescentology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samarelli, A.V., Tonelli, R., Marchioni, A., Bruzzi, G., Gozzi, F., Andrisani, D., Castaniere, I., Manicardi, L., Moretti, A., and Tabbi, L. 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