{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T08:59:34Z","timestamp":1778662774935,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an immune-mediated disease with a genetic component. The multifactorial pathophysiology is not clear and there is still no pharmacotherapy to slow the growth of aneurysms. The signal integration of cell-surface KIRs (killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors) with HLA (ligands, human leukocyte class I antigen molecules) modulates the activity of natural killer immune cells. The genetic diversity of the KIR\/HLA system is associated with the risk of immune disorders. This study was a multivariate analysis of the association between genetic variants of KIRs, HLA ligands, clinical data and AAA formation. Genotyping was performed by single polymerase chain reaction with sequence-specific primers using commercial assays. Patients with HLA-A-Bw4 have a larger aneurysm by an average of 4 mm (p = 0.008). We observed a relationship between aneurysm diameter and BMI in patients with AAA and co-existing CAD; its shape was determined by the presence of HLA-A-Bw4. There was also a nearly 10% difference in KIR3DL1 allele frequency between the study and control groups. High expression of the cell surface receptor KIR3DL1 may protect, to some extent, against AAA. The presence of HLA-A-Bw4 may affect the rate of aneurysm growth and represents a potential regional pathogenetic risk of autoimmune injury to the aneurysmal aorta.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10123357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T04:48:37Z","timestamp":1638247717000},"page":"3357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Associations of Genes for Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors and Their Human Leukocyte Antigen-A\/B\/C Ligands with Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Joanna","family":"Dubis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Centre, Regional Specialist Hospital, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3326-4059","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanda","family":"Niepiek\u0142o-Miniewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"J\u0119druchniewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Centre, Regional Specialist Hospital, 51-124 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2428-0927","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Sobczy\u0144ski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Witkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, 51-124 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"Zapotoczny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Vascular Surgery, Regional Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, 51-124 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9224-8921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Piotr","family":"Ku\u015bnierczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Tissue Immunology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2010.09.011","article-title":"Management of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Clinical Practice Guidelines of the European Society for Vascular Surgery","volume":"41","author":"Moll","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. 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