{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T20:37:42Z","timestamp":1787344662891,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":174,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of University and Research of Italy","award":["314-337"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["314-337"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of University and Research of Italy","award":["2017SNRXH3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017SNRXH3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neuroglobin (Ngb), the third member of the globin family, was discovered in human and murine brains in 2000. This monomeric globin is structurally similar to myoglobin (Mb) and hemoglobin (Hb) \u03b1 and \u03b2 subunits, but it hosts a bis-histidyl six-coordinated heme-Fe atom. Therefore, the heme-based reactivity of Ngb is modulated by the dissociation of the distal HisE7-heme-Fe bond, which reflects in turn the redox state of the cell. The high Ngb levels (~100\u2013200 \u03bcM) present in the retinal ganglion cell layer and in the optic nerve facilitate the O2 buffer and delivery. In contrast, the very low levels of Ngb (~1 \u03bcM) in most tissues and organs support (pseudo-)enzymatic properties including NO\/O2 metabolism, peroxynitrite and free radical scavenging, nitrite, hydroxylamine, hydrogen sulfide reduction, and the nitration of aromatic compounds. Here, structural and (pseudo-)enzymatic properties of Ngb, which are at the root of tissue and organ protection, are reviewed, envisaging a possible role in the protection from neuronal degeneration of the retina and the optic nerve.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10123366","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]],"date-time":"2021-11-30T20:29:27Z","timestamp":1638304167000},"page":"3366","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Structural and (Pseudo-)Enzymatic Properties of Neuroglobin: Its Possible Role in Neuroprotection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9358-9891","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanna","family":"De Simone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze, Universit\u00e0 Roma Tre, Viale Marconi 446, 00146 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diego","family":"Sbardella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Bietti, 00198 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Oddone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Bietti, 00198 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Pesce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit\u00e0 di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16100 Genova, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Coletta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IRCCS Fondazione Bietti, 00198 Roma, Italy"},{"name":"Dipartmento di Scienze Cliniche e Medicina Traslazionale, Universit\u00e0 di Roma \u201cTor Vergata\u201d, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6449-2150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paolo","family":"Ascenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Scienze, Universit\u00e0 Roma Tre, Viale Marconi 446, 00146 Roma, Italy"},{"name":"Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Via della Lungara 10, 00165 Roma, Italy"},{"name":"Unit\u00e0 di Neuroendocrinologia, Metabolismo e Neurofarmacologia, IRCSS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Roma, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Antonini, E., and Brunori, M. 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