{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T23:01:19Z","timestamp":1792450879464,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DK-091566"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK-091566"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Biliary atresia (BA) is an obstructive neonatal cholangiopathy leading to liver cirrhosis and end stage liver disease. A Kasai portoenterostomy may restore biliary drainage, but most patients ultimately require liver transplantation for survival. At diagnosis, immune cells within the liver of patients with BA demonstrate a T-helper 1 (Th1) inflammatory profile similar to rhesus rotavirus (RRV)-infected mice livers developing BA. The transcription factor Tbx21 (T-bet) is essential for induction of a Th1 immune response in both the adaptive and innate immune system. Here we used animals with targeted deletion of the T-bet gene to determine its role in the progression of BA. Infection of newborn T-bet knockout (KO) pups with RRV resulted in a decreased Th1 inflammatory chemokine\/cytokine profile when compared to infected wild-type mice. Analysis of the mononuclear cells profile from T-bet KO mice revealed both a significant decrease in the total number of CD3, CD4, and CD8 T cells and their effector molecules granzyme A, perforin, and FasL. Even though the percentage of T-bet KO mice displaying symptoms of an obstructive cholangiopathy and overall mortality rate was not different compared to wild-type mice, the extrahepatic bile ducts of T-bet KO mice remained patent.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10123461","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T21:52:32Z","timestamp":1639086752000},"page":"3461","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["T-Bet Deficiency Attenuates Bile Duct Injury in Experimental Biliary Atresia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Sujit K.","family":"Mohanty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Endemic Poultry Viral Diseases Research Unit, Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, United States National Poultry Research Center, USDA\/ARS, Athens, GA 30605, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bryan","family":"Donnelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haley","family":"Temple","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Bondoc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"McNeal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Greg","family":"Tiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Thoracic Surgery, Cincinnati Children\u2019s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2015.74","article-title":"Pathogenesis of biliary atresia: Defining biology to understand clinical phenotypes","volume":"12","author":"Asai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. 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PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069069"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G466","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00079.2015","article-title":"Rhesus rotavirus VP4 sequence-specific activation of mononuclear cells is associated with cholangiopathy in murine biliary atresia","volume":"309","author":"Walther","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. 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