{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T04:52:49Z","timestamp":1790916769107,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]],"date-time":"2021-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639094400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017R1D1A1B03031791"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017R1D1A1B03031791"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["50531-2021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["50531-2021"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disease characterized by inefficient hematopoiesis and the potential development of acute leukemia. Among the most notable advances in the treatment of MDS is the hypomethylating agent, decitabine (5-aza-2\u2032deoxycytidine). Although decitabine is well known as an effective method for treating MDS patients, only a subset of patients respond and a tolerance often develops, leading to treatment failure. Moreover, decitabine treatment is costly and causes unnecessary toxicity. Therefore, clarifying the mechanism of decitabine resistance is important for improving its therapeutic efficacy. To this end, we established a decitabine-resistant F-36P cell line from the parental F-36P leukemia cell line, and applied a genetic approach employing next-generation sequencing, various experimental techniques, and bioinformatics tools to determine differences in gene expression and relationships among genes. Thirty-eight candidate genes encoding proteins involved in decitabine-resistant-related pathways, including immune checkpoints, the regulation of myeloid cell differentiation, and PI3K-Akt signaling, were identified. Interestingly, two of the candidate genes, AKT3 and FOS, were overexpressed in MDS patients with poor prognoses. On the basis of these results, we are pursuing development of a gene chip for diagnosing decitabine resistance in MDS patients, with the goal of ultimately improving the power to predict treatment strategies and the prognosis of MDS patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10123494","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T01:28:11Z","timestamp":1639358891000},"page":"3494","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Gene Expression Profiles Identify Biomarkers of Resistance to Decitabine in Myelodysplastic Syndromes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Seungyoun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Yeop","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dayeon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Somi","family":"Oh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junshik","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Center for Medical Innovation, Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inho","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"},{"name":"Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2887-0385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eunju","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 01812, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Radiological and Medico-Oncological Sciences, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8162","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.8162","article-title":"Screening and identification of key candidate genes and pathways in myelodysplastic syndrome by bioinformatic analysis","volume":"7","author":"Le","year":"2019","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"2079","article-title":"International scoring system for evaluating prognosis in myelodysplastic syndromes","volume":"89","author":"Greenberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Blood J. 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