{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T06:36:36Z","timestamp":1764570996379,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FUR Sbarbati","award":["NA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NA"]}]},{"name":"AIRC 5 x 1000 grant to Vincenzo Bronte","award":["12182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12182"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>One of the mechanisms that characterizes the aging process of different organs is the accumulation of fat. Different authors have demonstrated that adipose tissue replaces the loss of other cell types, deriving from mesenchymal cells. During aging, there is substitution or trans-differentiation of mesenchymal cells with other cells having the same embryological origin. Newly formed adipocytes were also observed in the trabecular matrix of elderly people\u2019s bones, associated with myeloid cells. In this study, we have investigated the relationship between immature myeloid-derived suppressor cells (I-MDSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in bone marrow (BM) samples harvested from 57 patients subjected to different orthopedic surgeries. Patients aged from 18 to 92 years were considered in order to compare the cellular composition of bone marrow of young and elderly people, considered a biomarker of immunity, inflammation, and bone preservation. The I-MDSC percentage was stable during aging, but in elderly people, it was possible to observe a strong basal immunosuppression of autologous and heterologous T cells\u2019 proliferation. We hypothesized that this pattern observed in elders depends on the progressive accumulation in the BM of activating stimuli, including cell\u2013cell contact, or the production of different cytokines and proteins that induce the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in adipocytes. The collected data provided underline the importance of specific biomarkers of aging that promote a reduction in immune response and incremented inflammatory pathways, leading to bone reabsorption in elderly people.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11010001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T09:50:43Z","timestamp":1640080243000},"page":"1","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["The Cross-Talk between Myeloid and Mesenchymal Stem Cells of Human Bone Marrow Represents a Biomarker of Aging That Regulates Immune Response and Bone Reabsorption"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5047-371X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Elisa","family":"Perico","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7419-0546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommaso","family":"Maluta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedic and Traumatology Clinic, Department of Surgery, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giamaica","family":"Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Vella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Provezza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiziana","family":"Cestari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giulia","family":"De Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedic and Traumatology Clinic, Department of Surgery, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lydia","family":"Segalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Tecchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabio","family":"Benedetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Santini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Cardio Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Bronte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Policlinico GB Rossi, Piazzale L.A. Scuro 10, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Magnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Orthopedic and Traumatology Clinic, Department of Surgery, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Sbarbati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dunia","family":"Ramarli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Immunology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, 37134 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2013.11.008","article-title":"Adipose tissue, diet and aging","volume":"136\u2013137","author":"Zamboni","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mech. 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