{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,30]],"date-time":"2026-05-30T02:41:59Z","timestamp":1780108919671,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]],"date-time":"2021-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003196","name":"Ministero della Salute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Current Research"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Current Research"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Associazione Italiana Encefalopatie da Prioni (AIEnP)","award":["-"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["-"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) are caused by two distinct strains of disease-associated \u03b1-synuclein (\u03b1SynD). Recently, we have shown that olfactory mucosa (OM) samples of patients with PD and MSA can seed the aggregation of recombinant \u03b1-synuclein by means of Real-Time Quaking-Induced Conversion (\u03b1Syn_RT-QuIC). Remarkably, the biochemical and morphological properties of the final \u03b1-synuclein aggregates significantly differed between PD and MSA seeded samples. Here, these aggregates were given to neuron-like differentiated SH-SY5Y cells and distinct inflammatory responses were observed. To deepen whether the morphological features of \u03b1-synuclein aggregates were responsible for this variable SH-SY5Y inflammatory response, we generated three biochemically and morphologically distinct \u03b1-synuclein aggregates starting from recombinant \u03b1-synuclein that were used to seed \u03b1Syn_RT-QuIC reaction; the final reaction products were used to stimulate SH-SY5Y cells. Our study showed that, in contrast to OM samples of PD and MSA patients, the artificial aggregates did not transfer their distinctive features to the \u03b1Syn_RT-QuIC products and the latter induced analogous inflammatory responses in cells. Thus, the natural composition of the \u03b1SynD strains but also other specific factors in OM tissue can substantially modulate the biochemical, morphological and inflammatory features of the \u03b1Syn_RT-QuIC products.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11010087","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T02:31:27Z","timestamp":1640745087000},"page":"87","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The Alpha-Synuclein RT-QuIC Products Generated by the Olfactory Mucosa of Patients with Parkinson\u2019s Disease and Multiple System Atrophy Induce Inflammatory Responses in SH-SY5Y Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6233-8272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiara Maria Giulia","family":"De Luca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology 5, Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy"},{"name":"Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore Di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6610-764X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandra","family":"Consonni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology 4, Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federico Angelo","family":"Cazzaniga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology 5, Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Bistaffa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology 5, Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5768-4536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Bufano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology 5, Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Quitarrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology 5, Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5731-3257","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Celauro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore Di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0716-4393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Legname","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Prion Biology, Department of Neuroscience, Scuola Internazionale Superiore Di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Eleopra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology 1, Parkinson and Movement Disorders, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4618-0102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fulvio","family":"Baggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology 4, Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Giaccone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology 5, Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2820-9880","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Moda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology 5, Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, 20133 Milan, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26424","article-title":"MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"30","author":"Postuma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov. 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