{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T20:20:15Z","timestamp":1782764415232,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640736000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ocular involvement is present in up to 79% of sarcoid patients. Uveitis is the main ocular manifestation and presents as a chronic intraocular inflammatory condition with potentially detrimental effects on visual acuity and quality of life. This retrospective study was conducted to explore the incidence and characteristics of ocular sarcoidosis in a single tertiary ophthalmology center. Medical records of 84 patients presenting between June 2007 and March 2021 were analyzed. Based on the \u201cInternational Workshop on Ocular Sarcoidosis\u201d (IWOS) criteria, ocular sarcoidosis was determined as: definite (n = 24; 28.6%), presumed (n = 33; 39.3%), probable (n = 10; 11.9%), and indefinite (n = 17; 20.2%) in our study population. In 43.9% of the definite and presumed cases, the eye was primarily affected. In addition to specific ocular findings, the diagnosis was supported by biopsy (28.6%) and chest x-ray or computer tomography (66.7%). Moreover, an increased soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) expression (76.2%), elevated angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) levels (34.8%), and lymphocytopenia (35.1%) were valuable laboratory findings. Co-affected organs were lungs (60.7%), skin (15.5%), and central nervous system (8.3%). Our findings support the prominent role of the eye in the early detection of sarcoidosis. In addition to the IWOS criteria, sIL-2R, in particular, was shown to be relevant in establishing the diagnosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11010089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T02:31:27Z","timestamp":1640745087000},"page":"89","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Findings and Graduation of Sarcoidosis-Related Uveitis: A Single-Center Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0165-6744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynn S.","family":"zur Bonsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominika","family":"Pohlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Berlin Institute of Health, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6202-1710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"R\u00fcbsam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"},{"name":"Berlin Institute of Health, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Charit\u00e9platz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Pleyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Charit\u00e9\u2013Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00e8ve, P., Pacheco, Y., Durupt, F., Jamilloux, Y., Gerfaud-Valentin, M., Isaac, S., Boussel, L., Calender, A., Androdias, G., and Valeyre, D. 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