{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T18:29:15Z","timestamp":1790360955242,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]],"date-time":"2022-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The etiology of dry mouth conditions is multi-faceted. Patients radiated after head and neck cancer (HNC) and those with primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome (pSS) share many of the same symptoms despite different causes. With the aim of better understanding the pathophysiology and biochemical processes behind dry mouth with different etiologies, we investigated the metabolic profile of 10 HNC patients, 9 pSS patients and 10 healthy controls using high-performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) metabolomics. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed different metabolic profiles when comparing all subjects included in the study. Both patient groups showed higher ratios of several pyrimidine nucleotides and nucleosides when compared to controls. This finding may indicate that purinergic signaling plays a role in dry mouth conditions. Moreover, significantly increased levels of DL-3-aminoisobutyric acid were found in HNC patients when compared to controls, and a similar tendency was observed in the pSS patients. Furthermore, a dysregulation in amino acid metabolism was observed in both patient groups. In conclusion, metabolomics analysis showed separate metabolic profiles for HNC and pSS patients as compared to controls that could be useful in diagnostics and for elucidating the different pathophysiologies. The demonstrated dysregulation of pyrimidine nucleotides and levels of metabolites derived from amino acids in the patient groups should be studied further.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11030323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]],"date-time":"2022-01-19T08:20:57Z","timestamp":1642580457000},"page":"323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Saliva Metabolomics in Dry Mouth Patients with Head and Neck Cancer or Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5015-5583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e5vard","family":"Hynne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elise M\u00f8rk","family":"Sand\u00e5s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja Benedikte Prest\u00f8","family":"Elgst\u00f8en","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helge","family":"Rootwelt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tor P.","family":"Utheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway"},{"name":"Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hilde Kanli","family":"Galtung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4276-9611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Janicke Liaaen","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0317 Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.00222","article-title":"P2 Receptors as Therapeutic Targets in the Salivary Gland: From Physiology to Dysfunction","volume":"11","author":"Khalafalla","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. 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