{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T12:41:44Z","timestamp":1763037704244,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]],"date-time":"2022-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642550400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas (CTCL) presents with substantial clinical variability and transcriptional heterogeneity. In the recent years, several studies paved the way to elucidate aetiology and pathogenesis of CTCL using sequencing methods. Several T-cell subtypes were suggested as the source of disease thereby explaining clinical and transcriptional heterogeneity of CTCL entities. Several differentially expressed pathways could explain disease progression. However, exogenous triggers in the skin microenvironment also seem to affect CTCL status. Especially Staphylococcus aureus was shown to contribute to disease progression. Only little is known about the complex microbiome patterns involved in CTCL and how microbial shifts might impact this malignancy. Nevertheless, first hints indicate that the microbiome might at least in part explain transcriptional heterogeneity and that microbial approaches could serve in diagnosis and prognosis. Shaping the microbiome could be a treatment option to maintain stable disease. Here, we review current knowledge of transcriptional heterogeneity of and microbial influences on CTCL. We discuss potential benefits of microbial applications and microbial directed therapies to aid patients with CTCL burden.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11030328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]],"date-time":"2022-01-19T08:20:57Z","timestamp":1642580457000},"page":"328","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Transcriptional Heterogeneity and the Microbiome of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8540-1071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Licht","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Clinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstra\u00dfe 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Volker","family":"Mail\u00e4nder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Clinic, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstra\u00dfe 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany"},{"name":"Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5064","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-10-184168","article-title":"Cutaneous lymphoma incidence patterns in the United States: A population-based study of 3884 cases","volume":"113","author":"Bradford","year":"2009","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2007-03-055749","article-title":"Revisions to the staging and classification of mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome: A proposal of the International Society for Cutaneous Lymphomas (ISCL) and the cutaneous lymphoma task force of the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Ca","volume":"110","author":"Olsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Querfeld, C., Zain, J., and Rosen, S.T. 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