{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T07:17:18Z","timestamp":1775546238774,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642636800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric disorder accompanied by deficits in cognitive and social skills. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is a lifelong phenomenon, with new neurons being formed in the granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus. Impaired neurogenesis is associated with multiple behavioral disorders including Alzheimer\u2019s disease and schizophrenia. PTSD patients often present hippocampal atrophy and animal models clearly present impaired neurogenesis. Previous studies on PTSD patients demonstrated elevated levels of Th17 cells and plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-17A (IL-17A). Since IL-17A can impair neurogenesis in mice, we thus hypothesized that decreasing the serum levels of IL-17A will increase hippocampal neurogenesis and alleviate symptoms in a murine model of PTSD. Surprisingly, our results showed that attempting to neutralize IL-17A with an antibody resulted in increased serum levels of IL-17A, while targeting IL-23, the upstream regulator of IL-17, did lower the levels of IL-17A in trauma-exposed mice. As expected, increased levels of serum IL-17A (in anti-IL-17A treated mice) resulted in impaired neurogenesis, reflected by reduced number of proliferating Ki67+ neural progenitors and newly formed DCX+ neurons, which was correlated with increased expression of Hes1. Nevertheless, increased maturation was noted by the expression of Slit2 and Ache. In contrast, treatment with anti-IL-23 indeed resulted in increased neurogenesis. Behaviorally, both treatments did not affect trauma-related freezing behavior but did affect trauma-related social deficits. Unexpectedly, increased levels of serum IL-17A (in anti-IL-17A treated mice) prevented social deficits in trauma-exposed mice while anti-IL-23 exacerbated these deficits. We thus conclude that IL-17 is involved in regulating neurogenesis following exposure to stress but may be important in maintaining social behavior.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11030343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]],"date-time":"2022-01-20T22:40:20Z","timestamp":1642718420000},"page":"343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Interleukine-17 Modulates Neurogenesis and Behavior Following Exposure to Trauma in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yehoshua","family":"Willinger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6505-8612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gadi","family":"Turgeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel"},{"name":"Medical School, Ariel University, Ariel 40700, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"892","article-title":"Self-repair in the brain","volume":"405","author":"Lindvall","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00862-0","article-title":"Regeneration of Hippocampal Pyramidal Neurons after Ischemic Brain Injury by Recruitment of Endogenous Neural Progenitors","volume":"110","author":"Nakatomi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1038\/35102174","article-title":"The development of neural stem cells","volume":"414","author":"Temple","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00839","article-title":"Understanding the Real State of Human Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis from Studies of Rodents and Non-human Primates","volume":"14","author":"Seki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. 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