{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T06:24:08Z","timestamp":1783664648170,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]],"date-time":"2022-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004606","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG3J127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG3J127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004606","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG3H1491-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG3H1491-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004606","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG3H1471-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG3H1471-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004606","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPG3H1481-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPG3H1481-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004606","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CMRPD1H0511-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CMRPD1H0511-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004606","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The biomarkers of Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) remain to be investigated. This work aimed to identify blood biomarkers for PD using targeted metabolomics analysis. We quantified the plasma levels of 255 metabolites in 92 PD patients and 60 healthy controls (HC). PD patients were sub-grouped into early (Hoehn\u2013Yahr stage \u2264 2, n = 72) and advanced (Hoehn\u2013Yahr stage &gt; 2, n = 20) stages. Fifty-nine phospholipids, 3 fatty acids, 3 amino acids, and 7 biogenic amines, demonstrated significant alterations in PD patients. Six of them, dihydro sphingomyelin (SM) 24:0, 22:0, 20:0, phosphatidylethanolamine-plasmalogen (PEp) 38:6, and phosphatidylcholine 38:5 and 36:6, demonstrated lowest levels in PD patients in the advanced stage, followed by those in the early stage and HC. By contrast, the level of ornithine was highest in PD patients at the advanced stage, followed by those at the early stage and HC. These biomarker candidates demonstrated significant correlations with scores of motor disability, cognitive dysfunction, depression, and quality of daily life. The support vector machine algorithm using \u03b1-synuclein, dihydro SM 24:0, and PEp 38:6 demonstrated good ability to separate PD from HC (AUC: 0.820). This metabolomic analysis demonstrates new plasma biomarker candidates for PD and supports their role in participating PD pathogenesis and monitoring disease progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11030395","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,25]],"date-time":"2022-01-25T20:44:33Z","timestamp":1643143473000},"page":"395","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Alterations of Sphingolipid and Phospholipid Pathways and Ornithine Level in the Plasma as Biomarkers of Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4972-9823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuo-Hsuan","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2006-133X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mei-Ling","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33323, Taiwan"},{"name":"Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan"},{"name":"Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333426, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2536-6370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsiang-Yu","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng-Yu","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333323, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8526-9161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsiu-Chuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0769-0353","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chiung-Mei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333423, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2013.01.018","article-title":"Parkinson disease: From pathology to molecular disease mechanisms","volume":"62","author":"Dexter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Free Radic. 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