{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T14:04:27Z","timestamp":1791813867526,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":136,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Beyond their role in hemostasis, platelets have emerged as key contributors in the immune response; accordingly, the occurrence of thrombocytopenia during sepsis\/septic shock is a well-known risk factor of mortality and a marker of disease severity. Recently, some studies elucidated that the response of platelets to infections goes beyond a simple fall in platelets count; indeed, sepsis-induced thrombocytopenia can be associated with\u2014or even anticipated by\u2014several changes, including an altered morphological pattern, receptor expression and aggregation. Of note, alterations in platelet function and morphology can occur even with a normal platelet count and can modify, depending on the nature of the pathogen, the pattern of host response and the severity of the infection. The purpose of this review is to give an overview on the pathophysiological interaction between platelets and pathogens, as well as the clinical consequences of platelet dysregulation. Furthermore, we try to clarify how understanding the nature of platelet dysregulation may help to optimize the therapeutic approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11030424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]],"date-time":"2022-01-26T11:02:53Z","timestamp":1643194973000},"page":"424","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["The Underestimated Role of Platelets in Severe Infection a Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2737-0162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alberto","family":"Fogagnolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Ferrara, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5150-188X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca Calogero","family":"Campo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, 44124 Cona, Italy"},{"name":"Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, 48032 Cotignola, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matilde","family":"Mari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Ferrara, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1901-0703","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Graziella","family":"Pompei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, 44124 Cona, Italy"},{"name":"Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, 48032 Cotignola, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1763-9711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rita","family":"Pavasini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, 44124 Cona, Italy"},{"name":"Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care and Research, 48032 Cotignola, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3533-6121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlo Alberto","family":"Volta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Ferrara, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5027-5318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Savino","family":"Spadaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Department of Translational Medicine and for Romagna, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Ferrara, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4046","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V96.13.4046","article-title":"Functional expression of CCR1, CCR3, CCR4, and CXCR4 chemokine receptors on human platelets","volume":"96","author":"Clemetson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4021","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2001-12-0191","article-title":"Host defense role of platelets: Engulfment of HIV andStaphylococcus aureus occurs in a specific subcellular compartment and is enhanced by platelet activation","volume":"99","author":"Youssefian","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2010.03.009","article-title":"IgG-complex stimulated platelets: A source of sCD40L and RANTES in initiation of inflammatory cascade","volume":"263","author":"Antczak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Immunol."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.108.169417","article-title":"Platelet Chemokines in Vascular Disease","volume":"28","author":"Gleissner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arter. 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