{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T00:15:03Z","timestamp":1788394503244,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,30]],"date-time":"2022-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016804","name":"Shenzhen Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JCYJ20190809152415652"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JCYJ20190809152415652"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019M660836"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019M660836"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The global outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still ongoing, as is research on the molecular mechanisms underlying cellular infection by coronaviruses, with the hope of developing therapeutic agents against this pandemic. Other important respiratory viruses such as 2009 pandemic H1N1 and H7N9 avian influenza virus (AIV), influenza A viruses, are also responsible for a possible outbreak due to their respiratory susceptibility. However, the interaction of these viruses with host cells and the regulation of post-transcriptional genes remains unclear. In this study, we detected and analyzed the comparative transcriptome profiling of SARS-CoV-2, panH1N1 (A\/California\/07\/2009), and H7N9 (A\/Shanghai\/1\/2013) infected cells. The results showed that the commonly upregulated genes among the three groups were mainly involved in autophagy, pertussis, and tuberculosis, which indicated that autophagy plays an important role in viral pathogenicity. There are three groups of commonly downregulated genes involved in metabolic pathways. Notably, unlike panH1N1 and H7N9, SARS-CoV-2 infection can inhibit the m-TOR pathway and activate the p53 signaling pathway, which may be responsible for unique autophagy induction and cell apoptosis. Particularly, upregulated expression of IRF1 was found in SARS-CoV-2, panH1N1, and H7N9 infection. Further analysis showed SARS-CoV-2, panH1N1, and H7N9 infection-induced upregulation of lncRNA-34087.27 could serve as a competitive endogenous RNA to stabilize IRF1 mRNA by competitively binding with miR-302b-3p. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2 infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11030487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T01:46:08Z","timestamp":1643593568000},"page":"487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Competitive Endogenous RNA Network Activates Host Immune Response in SARS-CoV-2-, panH1N1 (A\/California\/07\/2009)-, and H7N9 (A\/Shanghai\/1\/2013)-Infected Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Minghui","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People\u2019s Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518406, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1187-3037","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shoulong","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5245-9698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hao","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People\u2019s Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guoguo","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People\u2019s Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People\u2019s Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinli","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People\u2019s Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People\u2019s Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhixiang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People\u2019s Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Qing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People\u2019s Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuxiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People\u2019s Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People\u2019s Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingxia","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Immunity, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, State Key Discipline of Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People\u2019s Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518112, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.46234\/ccdcw2020.017","article-title":"A Novel Coronavirus Genome Identified in a Cluster of Pneumonia Cases\u2014Wuhan, China 2019\u22122020","volume":"2","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"China CDC Wkly."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2001017","article-title":"China Novel Coronavirus 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