{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,26]],"date-time":"2026-10-26T18:04:03Z","timestamp":1793037843697,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":272,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,6]],"date-time":"2022-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006541","name":"Comunidad de Madrid","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B2017\/BMD-3804 MITIC-CM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B2017\/BMD-3804 MITIC-CM"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006541","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The placenta is a central structure in pregnancy and has pleiotropic functions. This organ grows incredibly rapidly during this period, acting as a mastermind behind different fetal and maternal processes. The relevance of the placenta extends far beyond the pregnancy, being crucial for fetal programming before birth. Having integrative knowledge of this maternofetal structure helps significantly in understanding the development of pregnancy either in a proper or pathophysiological context. Thus, the aim of this review is to summarize the main features of the placenta, with a special focus on its early development, cytoarchitecture, immunology, and functions in non-pathological conditions. In contraposition, the role of the placenta is examined in preeclampsia, a worrisome hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, in order to describe the pathophysiological implications of the placenta in this disease. Likewise, dysfunction of the placenta in fetal growth restriction, a major consequence of preeclampsia, is also discussed, emphasizing the potential clinical strategies derived. Finally, the emerging role of the placenta in maternal chronic venous disease either as a causative agent or as a consequence of the disease is equally treated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11030568","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,6]],"date-time":"2022-02-06T20:36:47Z","timestamp":1644179807000},"page":"568","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":135,"title":["The Pivotal Role of the Placenta in Normal and Pathological Pregnancies: A Focus on Preeclampsia, Fetal Growth Restriction, and Maternal Chronic Venous Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2588-1708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel A.","family":"Ortega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcal\u00e1, 28801 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Cancer Registry and Pathology Department, Hospital Universitario Principe de Asturias, 28801 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4494-6397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Fraile-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcal\u00e1, 28801 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6016-7855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cielo","family":"Garc\u00eda-Montero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcal\u00e1, 28801 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8389-258X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel A.","family":"S\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcal\u00e1, 28801 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Pathological Anatomy Service, Central University Hospital of Defence-UAH, 28047 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel Angel","family":"\u00c1lvarez-Mon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Medical 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Spain"},{"name":"Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology and Oncology Service, University Hospital Pr\u00edncipe de Asturias, CIBEREHD, 28801 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2419-2476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Bujan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcal\u00e1, 28801 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0904-6198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalio","family":"Garc\u00eda-Honduvilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcal\u00e1, 28801 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Coral","family":"Bravo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public and Maternal and Child Health, School of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28009 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Health Research Institute Gregorio Mara\u00f1\u00f3n, 28009 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis G.","family":"Guijarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ram\u00f3n y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (CIBEREHD), Department of System Biology, University of Alcal\u00e1, 28801 Alcal\u00e1 de Henares, Madrid, 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