{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T14:13:31Z","timestamp":1790950411387,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644969600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP19H03629"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP19H03629"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP19K07059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP19K07059"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP20K22888"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP20K22888"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP21K15895"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP21K15895"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009619","name":"Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15ek0109040h0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15ek0109040h0002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009619","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Homozygosity of the p.Arg204Trp variation in the Pleckstrin homology and RhoGEF domain containing G2 (PLEKHG2) gene, which encodes a Rho family-specific guanine nucleotide-exchange factor, is responsible for microcephaly with intellectual disability. However, the role of PLEKHG2 during neurodevelopment remains unknown. In this study, we analyzed mouse Plekhg2 function during cortical development, both in vitro and in vivo. The p.Arg200Trp variant in mouse (Plekhg2-RW), which corresponds to the p.Arg204Trp variant in humans, showed decreased guanine nucleotide-exchange activity for Rac1, Rac3, and Cdc42. Acute knockdown of Plekhg2 using in utero electroporation-mediated gene transfer did not affect the migration of excitatory neurons during corticogenesis. On the other hand, silencing Plekhg2 expression delayed dendritic arbor formation at postnatal day 7 (P7), perhaps because of impaired Rac\/Cdc42 and p21-activated kinase 1 signaling pathways. This phenotype was rescued by expressing an RNAi-resistant version of wildtype Plekhg2, but not of Plekhg2-RW. Axon pathfinding was also impaired in vitro and in vivo in Plekhg2-deficient cortical neurons. At P14, knockdown of Plekhg2 was observed to cause defects in dendritic spine morphology formation. Collectively, these results strongly suggest that PLEKHG2 has essential roles in the maturation of axon, dendrites, and spines. Moreover, impairment of PLEKHG2 function is most likely to cause defects in neuronal functions that lead to neurodevelopmental disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11040696","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]],"date-time":"2022-02-16T20:26:41Z","timestamp":1645043201000},"page":"696","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Impaired Function of PLEKHG2, a Rho-Guanine Nucleotide-Exchange Factor, Disrupts Corticogenesis in Neurodevelopmental Phenotypes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2542-8057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masashi","family":"Nishikawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, 713-8 Kamiya, Kasugai 480-0392, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6527-477X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hidenori","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, 713-8 Kamiya, Kasugai 480-0392, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hidenori","family":"Tabata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, 713-8 Kamiya, Kasugai 480-0392, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3311-877X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Ueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"United Graduate School of Drug Discovery and Medical Information Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu 501-1193, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6827-8434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koh-ichi","family":"Nagata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Institute for Developmental Research, Aichi Developmental Disability Center, 713-8 Kamiya, Kasugai 480-0392, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurochemistry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.4161\/sgtp.26530","article-title":"Mutationally activated Rho GTPases in cancer","volume":"4","author":"Alan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Small GTPases"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1042\/bj20031041","article-title":"Rho GTPases have diverse effects on the organization of the actin filament system","volume":"377","author":"Fransson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochem. 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