{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T19:06:42Z","timestamp":1793387202028,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":169,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Key Program Special Fund XJTLU","award":["KSF-E-23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KSF-E-23"]}]},{"name":"Research Development Fund XJTLU","award":["RDF-17-02-31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RDF-17-02-31"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>With 296 million cases estimated worldwide, chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the most common risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV-encoded oncogene X protein (HBx), a key multifunctional regulatory protein, drives viral replication and interferes with several cellular signalling pathways that drive virus-associated hepatocarcinogenesis. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the role of HBx in modulating the various hallmarks of HCC by supporting tumour initiation, progression, invasion and metastasis. Understanding HBx-mediated dimensions of complexity in driving liver malignancies could provide the key to unlocking novel and repurposed combinatorial therapies to combat HCC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11040741","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T20:24:21Z","timestamp":1645475061000},"page":"741","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":143,"title":["Hepatitis B Viral Protein HBx and the Molecular Mechanisms Modulating the Hallmarks of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Enakshi","family":"Sivasudhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Blake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3442-1415","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiliang","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China"},{"name":"Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China"},{"name":"Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Rong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou 215123, China"},{"name":"Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2021, December 29). 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