{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T04:48:08Z","timestamp":1777092488649,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645401600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01HL1148191, P01HL051971, P20GM104357, R01HL139797, U54GM115428"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01HL1148191, P01HL051971, P20GM104357, R01HL139797, U54GM115428"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18POST33990293"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18POST33990293"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mediators of cardiac injury in preeclampsia are not well understood. Preeclamptic women have decreased cardiac global longitudinal strain (GLS), a sensitive measure of systolic function that indicates fibrosis and tissue injury. GLS is worse in preeclampsia compared to gestational hypertension, despite comparable blood pressure, suggesting that placental factors may be involved. We previously showed that Activin A, a pro-fibrotic factor produced in excess by the placenta in preeclampsia, predicts impaired GLS postpartum. Here, we hypothesized that chronic excess levels of Activin A during pregnancy induces cardiac dysfunction. Rats were assigned to sham or activin A infusion (1.25\u20136 \u00b5g\/day) on a gestational day (GD) 14 (n = 6\u201310\/group). All animals underwent blood pressure measurement and comprehensive echocardiography followed by euthanasia and the collection of tissue samples on GD 19. Increased circulating activin A (sham: 0.59 \u00b1 0.05 ng\/mL, 6 \u00b5g\/day: 2.8 \u00b1 0.41 ng\/mL, p &lt; 0.01) was associated with impaired GLS (Sham: \u221222.1 \u00b1 0.8%, 6 \u00b5g\/day: \u221214.7 \u00b1 1.14%, p &lt; 0.01). Activin A infusion (6 \u00b5g\/day) increased beta-myosin heavy chain expression in heart tissue, indicating cardiac injury. In summary, our findings indicate that increasing levels of activin A during pregnancy induces cardiac dysfunction and supports the concept that activin A may serve as a possible mediator of PE-induced cardiac dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11040742","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]],"date-time":"2022-02-21T20:24:21Z","timestamp":1645475061000},"page":"742","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Sustained Elevated Circulating Activin A Impairs Global Longitudinal Strain in Pregnant Rats: A Potential Mechanism for Preeclampsia-Related Cardiac Dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2534-004X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bhavisha A.","family":"Bakrania","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4029, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2669-5301","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana C.","family":"Palei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Umesh","family":"Bhattarai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yingjie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joey P.","family":"Granger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sajid","family":"Shahul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2020.10.001","article-title":"Physiological Changes and Cardiovascular Investigations in Pregnancy","volume":"30","author":"Morton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ACOG (2020). 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