{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T14:05:08Z","timestamp":1778249108084,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,26]],"date-time":"2022-02-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Female sex is increasingly associated with a loss of bone mass during aging and an increased risk of developing nonunion fractures. Hormonal factors and cell-intrinsic mechanisms are suggested to drive these sexual dimorphisms, although underlying molecular mechanisms are still a matter of debate. Here, we observed a decreased capacity of calvarial bone recovery in female rats and a profound sexually dimorphic osteogenic differentiation in human adult neural crest-derived stem cells (NCSCs). Next to an elevated expression of pro-osteogenic regulators, global transcriptomics revealed Lysine Demethylase 5D (KDM5D) to be highly upregulated in differentiating male NCSCs. Loss of function by siRNA or pharmacological inhibition of KDM5D significantly reduced the osteogenic differentiation capacity of male NCSCs. In summary, we demonstrated craniofacial osteogenic differentiation to be sexually dimorphic with the expression of KDM5D as a prerequisite for accelerated male osteogenic differentiation, emphasizing the analysis of sex-specific differences as a crucial parameter for treating bone defects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11050823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,27]],"date-time":"2022-02-27T20:46:17Z","timestamp":1645994777000},"page":"823","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Human Sex Matters: Y-Linked Lysine Demethylase 5D Drives Accelerated Male Craniofacial Osteogenic Differentiation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Madlen","family":"Merten","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Neurobiology, Bielefeld University, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0524-662X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes F. W.","family":"Greiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany"},{"name":"Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld FBMB e.V., Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0383-4249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarek","family":"Niemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Neurobiology, Bielefeld University, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany"},{"name":"Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld FBMB e.V., Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meike","family":"Grosse Venhaus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Neurobiology, Bielefeld University, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6807-7328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Kronenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regenerative Musculoskeletal Medicine, Institute for Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Westfaelische Wilhelms University Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building D3, 48149 Muenster, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0807-3151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Stange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Regenerative Musculoskeletal Medicine, Institute for Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Westfaelische Wilhelms University Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building D3, 48149 Muenster, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dirk","family":"W\u00e4hnert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld FBMB e.V., Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Hosptal OWL of Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Burgsteig 13, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Kaltschmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany"},{"name":"Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld FBMB e.V., Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2352-7951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Vordemvenne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld FBMB e.V., Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, University Hosptal OWL of Bielefeld University, Campus Bielefeld-Bethel, Burgsteig 13, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Kaltschmidt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Neurobiology, Bielefeld University, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Bielefeld University, Universit\u00e4tsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany"},{"name":"Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld FBMB e.V., Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.2119\/molmed.2013.00033","article-title":"Genetic Markers of a Munc13 Protein Family Member, BAIAP3, Are Gender Specifically Associated with Anxiety and Benzodiazepine Abuse in Mice and Humans","volume":"19","author":"Wojcik","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. 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