{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T18:29:10Z","timestamp":1790447350576,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":157,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,14]],"date-time":"2022-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32HL134644"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32HL134644"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tumor-derived cachectic factors such as proinflammatory cytokines and neuromodulators not only affect skeletal muscle but also affect other organs, including the heart, in the form of cardiac muscle atrophy, fibrosis, and eventual cardiac dysfunction, resulting in poor quality of life and reduced survival. This article reviews the holistic approaches of existing diagnostic, pathophysiological, and multimodal therapeutic interventions targeting the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for cancer-induced cardiac cachexia. The major drivers of cardiac muscle wasting in cancer patients are autophagy activation by the cytokine-NFkB, TGF \u03b2-SMAD3, and angiotensin II-SOCE-STIM-Ca2+ pathways. A lack of diagnostic markers and standard treatment protocols hinder the early diagnosis of cardiac dysfunction and the initiation of preventive measures. However, some novel therapeutic strategies, including the use of Withaferin A, have shown promising results in experimental models, but Withaferin A\u2019s effectiveness in human remains to be verified. The combined efforts of cardiologists and oncologists would help to identify cost effective and feasible solutions to restore cardiac function and to increase the survival potential of cancer patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11060990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,15]],"date-time":"2022-03-15T03:06:10Z","timestamp":1647313570000},"page":"990","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Cardiac Cachexia: Unaddressed Aspect in Cancer Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7838-9875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarama","family":"Saha","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Praveen Kumar","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh 249203, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Partha","family":"Roy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sham S.","family":"Kakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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