{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:36:50Z","timestamp":1774312610642,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]],"date-time":"2022-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1647561600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart Lung and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 HL136370"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 HL136370"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart Lung and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K08 HL114725"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K08 HL114725"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart Lung and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["75N92019R0014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["75N92019R0014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart Lung and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K99 HL155843"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K99 HL155843"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30 DK054759"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 DK054759"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 DK047967"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 DK047967"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000062","name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 HL007638"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 HL007638"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010261","name":"Thoracic Surgery Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K105500-G"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K105500-G"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000897","name":"Cystic Fibrosis Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FIRTH15XX0"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIRTH15XX0"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000897","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tracheal grafts introduce the possibility to treat airway pathologies that require resection. While there has been success with engraftment of the surface airway epithelium (SAE) onto decellularized tracheas, there has been minimal advancement in regenerating the submucosal glands (SMGs). We designed a cost-effective open-system perfusion bioreactor to investigate the engraftment potential of ferret SAEs and murine myoepithelial cells (MECs) on a partly decellularized ferret trachea with the goal of creating a fully functional tracheal replacement. An air\u2013liquid interface was also arranged by perfusing humidified air through the lumen of a recellularized conduit to induce differentiation. Our versatile bioreactor design was shown to support the successful partial decellularization and recellularization of ferret tracheas. The decellularized grafts maintained biomechanical integrity and chondrocyte viability, consistent with other publications. The scaffolds supported SAE basal cell engraftment, and early differentiation was observed once an air\u2013liquid interface had been established. Lastly, MEC engraftment was sustained, with evidence of diffuse SMG reconstitution. This model will help shed light on SMG regeneration and basal cell differentiation in vitro for the development of fully functional tracheal grafts before transplantation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11061027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,20]],"date-time":"2022-03-20T21:25:00Z","timestamp":1647811500000},"page":"1027","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A Novel Bioreactor for Reconstitution of the Epithelium and Submucosal Glands in Decellularized Ferret Tracheas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4088-3269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Albert C.","family":"Pai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas J.","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bethany A.","family":"Ahlers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vitaly","family":"Ievlev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2389-9277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John F.","family":"Engelhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kalpaj R.","family":"Parekh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1702211","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.02211-2017","article-title":"Tracheal replacement","volume":"51","author":"Etienne","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. 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