{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:41:49Z","timestamp":1790775709873,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]],"date-time":"2022-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648166400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No. 82073456 and No. 82173421"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. 82073456 and No. 82173421"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitiligo is a common depigmented disease with unclear pathogenesis. Autophagy is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis and has been linked to a variety of autoimmune disorders; however, there have been no reports exploring the involvement of autophagy-related genes (ARGs) in vitiligo using bioinformatics methodologies. In this study, RNA-sequencing technology was used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the Human Autophagy Database (HADb) was overlapped to identify differentially expressed autophagy-related genes (DEARGs) in stable non-segmental vitiligo (NSV). Bioinformatics analyses were conducted with R packages and Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA). DEARGs were further confirmed with qRT-PCR. Critical autophagy markers were detected with Western blotting analysis. We identified a total of 39 DEARGs in vitiligo lesions. DEARGs-enriched canonical pathways, diseases and bio functions, upstream regulators, and networks were discovered. qRT-PCR confirmed the significant increases in FOS and RGS19 in vitiligo lesions. Lower microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain (LC3) II\/LC3I ratio and higher sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1, p62) expression were found in vitiligo lesions. In conclusion, this study provided a new insight that autophagy dysregulation appeared in stable vitiligo lesions and might be involved in the etiology of vitiligo by taking part in multiple pathways and bio functions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11071116","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]],"date-time":"2022-03-25T15:31:21Z","timestamp":1648222281000},"page":"1116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Identification and Validation of Autophagy-Related Genes in Vitiligo"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yiwen","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai 200040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuyi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai 200040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai 200040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai 200040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leihong","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai 200040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1302-5667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chengfeng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai 200040, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1159\/000506103","article-title":"Vitiligo: A Review","volume":"236","author":"Bergqvist","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2016.11.014","article-title":"Vitiligo Pathogenesis and Emerging Treatments","volume":"35","author":"Rashighi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dermatol. 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