{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T19:20:58Z","timestamp":1793215258642,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":248,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Periodontal disease can cause irreversible damage to tooth-supporting tissues such as the root cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone, eventually leading to tooth loss. While standard periodontal treatments are usually helpful in reducing disease progression, they cannot repair or replace lost periodontal tissue. Periodontal regeneration has been demonstrated to be beneficial in treating intraosseous and furcation defects to varied degrees. Cell-based treatment for periodontal regeneration will become more efficient and predictable as tissue engineering and progenitor cell biology advance, surpassing the limitations of present therapeutic techniques. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with the ability to self-renew and differentiate into several cell types when stimulated. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been tested for periodontal regeneration in vitro and in humans, with promising results. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) possess a great regenerative and therapeutic potential. Their added benefits comprise ease of collection, endless source of stem cells, less immunorejection, and affordability. Further, their collection does not include the concerns associated with human embryonic stem cells. The purpose of this review is to address the most recent findings about periodontal regenerative mechanisms, different stem cells accessible for periodontal regeneration, and UC-MSCs and their involvement in periodontal regeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11071168","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]],"date-time":"2022-03-30T21:22:14Z","timestamp":1648675334000},"page":"1168","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Current Literature and Role in Periodontal Regeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2128-9010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Saad","family":"Shaikh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi 75510, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3661-2300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zara","family":"Shahzad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lahore Medical and Dental College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 53400, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esraa Abdulgader","family":"Tash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Clinical Basic Science, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawarah 41311, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4279-9186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Omer Sefvan","family":"Janjua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, PMC Dental Institute, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Ikram","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Private Dental Practitioner, Penrith, NSW 2750, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5157-7067","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Sohail","family":"Zafar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawarah 41311, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67728-8","article-title":"Periodontal diseases","volume":"366","author":"Pihlstrom","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2009.08.011","article-title":"Regeneration of periodontal tissues: Guided tissue regeneration","volume":"54","author":"Villar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dent. 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