{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T06:38:51Z","timestamp":1777617531688,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003407","name":"Ministry of Education, Universities and Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017FJZZRC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017FJZZRC"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cells"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background &amp; Aims: ACE2, a carboxypeptidase that generates Ang-(1-7) from Ang II, is highly expressed in the lung, small intestine and colon. GPBAR1, is a G protein bile acid receptor that promotes the release of the insulinotropic factor glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and attenuates intestinal inflammation. Methods: We investigated the expression of ACE2, GLP-1 and GPBAR1 in two cohorts of Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) patients and three mouse models of colitis and Gpbar1\u2212\/\u2212 mice. Activation of GPBAR1 in these models and in vitro was achieved by BAR501, a selective GPBAR1 agonist. Results: In IBD patients, ACE2 mRNA expression was regulated in a site-specific manner in response to inflammation. While expression of ileal ACE2 mRNA was reduced, the colon expression was induced. Colon expression of ACE2 mRNA in IBD correlated with expression of TNF-\u03b1 and GPBAR1. A positive correlation occurred between GCG and GPBAR1 in human samples and animal models of colitis. In these models, ACE2 mRNA expression was further upregulated by GPABR1 agonism and reversed by exendin-3, a GLP-1 receptor antagonist. In in vitro studies, liraglutide, a GLP-1 analogue, increased the expression of ACE2 in colon epithelial cells\/macrophages co-cultures. Conclusions: ACE2 mRNA expression in the colon of IBD patients and rodent models of colitis is regulated in a TNF-\u03b1- and GLP-1-dependent manner. We have identified a GPBAR1\/GLP-1 mechanism as a positive modulator of ACE2.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11071187","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T21:22:39Z","timestamp":1648848159000},"page":"1187","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["GLP-1 Mediates Regulation of Colonic ACE2 Expression by the Bile Acid Receptor GPBAR1 in Inflammation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2995-6896","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michele","family":"Biagioli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universit\u00e0 di Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Marchian\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universit\u00e0 di Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosalinda","family":"Roselli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7125-8963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Di Giorgio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universit\u00e0 di Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachele","family":"Bellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universit\u00e0 di Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Bordoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universit\u00e0 di Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eleonora","family":"Distrutti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SC di Gastroenterologia ed Epatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Catalanotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6170-279X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angela","family":"Zampella","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luigina","family":"Graziosi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"SC di Gastroenterologia ed Epatologia, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annibale","family":"Donini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universit\u00e0 di Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3816-4222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Fiorucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Universit\u00e0 di Perugia, 06132 Perugia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.118.017129","article-title":"Novel Therapeutic Approaches Targeting the Renin-Angiotensin System and Associated Peptides in Hypertension and Heart Failure","volume":"71","author":"Arendse","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2020.102463","article-title":"Assessing ACE2 Expression Patterns in Lung Tissues in the Pathogenesis of COVID-19","volume":"112","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Autoimmun"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17772","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-74598-5","article-title":"V Expression of SARS-CoV-2 Entry Factors in Lung Epithelial Stem Cells and Its Potential Implications for COVID-19","volume":"10","author":"Valyaeva","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.04.035","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 Receptor ACE2 Is an Interferon-Stimulated Gene in Human Airway Epithelial Cells and Is Detected in Specific Cell Subsets across Tissues","volume":"181","author":"Ziegler","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-021-00418-x","article-title":"Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Entry into Cells","volume":"23","author":"Jackson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.10.055","article-title":"Tissue-Specific Amino Acid Transporter Partners ACE2 and Collectrin Differentially Interact with Hartnup Mutations","volume":"136","author":"Camargo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11228","article-title":"ACE2 Links Amino Acid Malnutrition to Microbial Ecology and Intestinal Inflammation","volume":"487","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15360","article-title":"Gnotobiotic Rats Reveal That Gut Microbiota Regulates Colonic MRNA of Ace2, the Receptor for SARS-CoV-2 Infectivity","volume":"76","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaao1603","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.aao1603","article-title":"Causal Effects of the Microbiota on Immune-Mediated Diseases","volume":"3","author":"Round","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11582","article-title":"Host-Microbe Interactions Have Shaped the Genetic Architecture of Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"491","author":"Jostins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-0992-y","article-title":"Colonic Epithelial Cell Diversity in Health and Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"567","author":"Parikh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G686","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00140.2012","article-title":"Defective Intestinal Amino Acid Absorption in Ace2 Null Mice","volume":"303","author":"Singer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e07548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e07548","article-title":"Recent Advance of ACE2 and Microbiota Dysfunction in COVID-19 Pathogenesis","volume":"7","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.10.041","article-title":"Altered Intestinal ACE2 Levels Are Associated With Inflammation, Severe Disease, and Response to Anti-Cytokine Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"160","author":"Potdar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-020-06715-3","article-title":"Bile Acid Signaling in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases","volume":"66","author":"Fiorucci","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dig. Dis. Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biagioli, M., Marchian\u00f2, S., Carino, A., Di Giorgio, C., Santucci, L., Distrutti, E., and Fiorucci, S. (2021). Bile Acids Activated Receptors in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10061281"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101094","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plipres.2021.101094","article-title":"Bile Acids and Their Receptors in Metabolic Disorders","volume":"82","author":"Fiorucci","year":"2021","journal-title":"Prog. Lipid. Res."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2015.09.001","article-title":"Bile Acid-Activated Receptors, Intestinal Microbiota, and the Treatment of Metabolic Disorders","volume":"21","author":"Fiorucci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9435","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M209706200","article-title":"A G Protein-Coupled Receptor Responsive to Bile Acids","volume":"278","author":"Kawamata","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(02)02550-0","article-title":"Identification of Membrane-Type Receptor for Bile Acids (M-BAR)","volume":"298","author":"Maruyama","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2019.06.003","article-title":"GPBAR1 Functions as Gatekeeper for Liver NKT Cells and Provides Counterregulatory Signals in Mouse Models of Immune-Mediated Hepatitis","volume":"8","author":"Biagioli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_22","first-page":"1","article-title":"Gpbar1 Agonism Promotes a Pgc-1\u03b1-Dependent Browning of White Adipose Tissue and Energy Expenditure and Reverses Diet-Induced Steatohepatitis in Mice","volume":"7","author":"Carino","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1700183","article-title":"The Bile Acid Receptor GPBAR1 Regulates the M1\/M2 Phenotype of Intestinal Macrophages and Activation of Gpbar1 Rescues Mice from Murine Colitis","volume":"199","author":"Biagioli","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.1.06546","article-title":"Targeted Disruption of G Protein-Coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 (Gpbar1\/M-Bar) in Mice","volume":"191","author":"Maruyama","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.01.139","article-title":"Bile Acids Promote Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Secretion through TGR5 in a Murine Enteroendocrine Cell Line STC-1","volume":"329","author":"Katsuma","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04330","article-title":"Bile Acids Induce Energy Expenditure by Promoting Intracellular Thyroid Hormone Activation","volume":"439","author":"Watanabe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cipriani, S., Mencarelli, A., Chini, M.G.M.G.G., Distrutti, E., Renga, B., Bifulco, G., Baldelli, F., Donini, A., and Fiorucci, S. (2011). The Bile Acid Receptor GPBAR-1 (TGR5) Modulates Integrity of Intestinal Barrier and Immune Response to Experimental Colitis. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025637"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/164_2019_238","article-title":"The Pharmacology of Bile Acids and Their Receptors","volume":"256","author":"Fiorucci","year":"2019","journal-title":"Handb. Exp. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3559","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2014-1685","article-title":"Activation of the GLP-1 Receptor by Liraglutide Increases ACE2 Expression, Reversing Right Ventricle Hypertrophy, and Improving the Production of SP-A and SP-B in the Lungs of Type 1 Diabetes Rats","volume":"156","author":"Moya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1237-9","article-title":"Multi-Omics of the Gut Microbial Ecosystem in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases","volume":"569","author":"Arze","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2017.044","article-title":"Chemically Induced Mouse Models of Acute and Chronic Intestinal Inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Wirtz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2900","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.446","article-title":"High Resolution Colonoscopy in Live Mice","volume":"1","author":"Becker","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2829","DOI":"10.21769\/BioProtoc.2829","article-title":"Purification of Total RNA from DSS-Treated Murine Tissue via Lithium Chloride Precipitation","volume":"8","author":"Viennois","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bio. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.09.029","article-title":"Intestinal Inflammation Modulates the Expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Potentially Overlaps With the Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2-Related Disease","volume":"160","author":"Tokuyama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2021.114564","article-title":"Discovery of a AHR Pelargonidin Agonist That Counter-Regulates Ace2 Expression and Attenuates ACE2-SARS-CoV-2 Interaction","volume":"188","author":"Biagioli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2017.05.005","article-title":"Anti-Inflammatory Action of Angiotensin 1-7 in Experimental Colitis May Be Mediated through Modulation of Serum Cytokines\/Chemokines and Immune Cell Functions","volume":"74","author":"Khajah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khajah, M.A., Fateel, M.M., Ananthalakshmi, K.V., and Luqmani, Y.A. (2016). Anti-Inflammatory Action of Angiotensin 1-7 in Experimental Colitis. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150861"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3961","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2015-1321","article-title":"Bile Acids Trigger GLP-1 Release Predominantly by Accessing Basolaterally Located G Protein-Coupled Bile Acid Receptors","volume":"156","author":"Brighton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e52649","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.202152649","article-title":"Dynamic Chromatin Association of I\u03baB\u03b1 Is Regulated by Acetylation and Cleavage of Histone H4","volume":"22","author":"Marruecos","year":"2021","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8477","DOI":"10.1021\/jm501273r","article-title":"Exploitation of Cholane Scaffold for the Discovery of Potent and Selective Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR) and G-Protein Coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 (GP-BAR1) Ligands","volume":"57","author":"Festa","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13533","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-92979-2","article-title":"Increased Colonic Expression of ACE2 Associates with Poor Prognosis in Crohn\u2019s Disease","volume":"11","author":"Toyonaga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.10.021","article-title":"Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Attachment Receptor Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 Is Decreased in Crohn\u2019s Disease and Regulated By Microbial and Inflammatory Signaling","volume":"160","author":"Patankar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4541","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18319-6","article-title":"Molecular Interaction and Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Binding to the ACE2 Receptor","volume":"11","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.21720","article-title":"Designing Therapeutic Strategies to Combat Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Disease: COVID-19","volume":"82","author":"Rohilla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Res."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2823","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20200477","article-title":"ACE2 and Gut Amino Acid Transport","volume":"134","author":"Camargo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-318512","article-title":"Imbalance of the Renin-Angiotensin System May Contribute to Inflammation and Fibrosis in IBD: A Novel Therapeutic Target?","volume":"69","author":"Garg","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1853","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.01853","article-title":"Bile Acids Activated Receptors Regulate Innate Immunity","volume":"9","author":"Fiorucci","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1021\/acsmedchemlett.9b00636","article-title":"GPBAR1 Activation by C6-Substituted Hyodeoxycholane Analogues Protect against Colitis","volume":"11","author":"Finamore","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2020.04.008","article-title":"Bile Acid-Activated Receptors and the Regulation of Macrophages Function in Metabolic Disorders","volume":"53","author":"Fiorucci","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.1c01126","article-title":"Discovery of Bile Acids Derivatives as Potent Ace2 Activators by Virtual Screening and Essential Dynamics","volume":"62","author":"Fiorillo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Chem. Inf. Model."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.04.036","article-title":"High-Resolution MRNA and Secretome Atlas of Human Enteroendocrine Cells","volume":"181","author":"Beumer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2019.09.010","article-title":"Glucagon-like Peptide 1 (GLP-1)","volume":"30","author":"Finan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718136","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.718136","article-title":"Preliminary Evidence for IL-10-Induced ACE2 MRNA Expression in Lung-Derived and Endothelial Cells: Implications for SARS-Cov-2 ARDS Pathogenesis","volume":"12","author":"Albini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."}],"container-title":["Cells"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/11\/7\/1187\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T22:48:13Z","timestamp":1760136493000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2073-4409\/11\/7\/1187"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["cells11071187"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11071187","relation":{},"ISSN":["2073-4409"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2073-4409","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]]}}}